1. Biomarker Testing: Harnessing All Sides of the Tumor Microenvironment

3. This program will include a discussion of off-label treatment and investigational agents not approved by the FDA for use in the United States and data that were presented in abstract form. These data should be considered preliminary until published in a peer-reviewed journal.

4. Antitumor Immunity

5. Process of Cancer Immunoediting

6. PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitor Therapies

7. Inflamed vs Noninflamed Tumor Phenotype

8. FDA-Approved PD-L1 IHC Antibodies

9. PD-L1 IHC Antibody Concordance

10. Clinical Trial Experience: NSCLC

11. Recommendations for PD-L1 Testing

12. Protocol for Processing Samples

13. Advantages and Disadvantages of ROSE in EBUS-TBNA

14. The Rise of Laboratory-Developed Tests

15. Realities of PD-L1 Testing

16. PD-L1 Testing: Factors to Consider

17. Clinical Trial Experience: Bladder

18. PD-L1 Testing in Bladder Cancer

19. Challenges of PD-L1 Testing

20. Additional Possible Biomarkers: MSI

21. Increased Response to Immunotherapy Is Correlated With Mutational Burden

22. Concluding Remarks

23. Abbreviations