1. Water Resources Chapter 9
Review
2017

2. Multiple Choice Answers to pages 254-255B C E

3. How do dams impact the migration of salmon?

4. How do dams impact the migration of salmon
How do dams impact the migration of salmon? Prevent migration and increase water temperature below the dam.
How can you mitigate these impacts?

5. How can you mitigate these impacts
How can you mitigate these impacts? Install fish ladders, change the flow rate.

6. What is an aquifer?

7. What is an aquifer? An aquifer is an underground layer of water-bearing permeable rock or unconsolidated materials (gravel, sand, or silt) from which groundwater can be extracted

8. Name the two types of aquifers.

9. Name the two types of aquifers. Confined and unconfined.

10. Which type of aquifer takes the longest to recharge and is least likely to become contaminated by toxic surface spills?

11. Which type of aquifer takes the longest to recharge and is least likely to become contaminated by toxic surface spills? confined

12. What is the main difference between the two types of aquifers?

13. What is the main difference between the two types of aquifers
What is the main difference between the two types of aquifers? Confined aquifers are surrounded by an impermeable layer of rock or clay.

14. What type of aquifer is located in the vicinity of letter A?

15. What type of aquifer is located in the vicinity of letter A
What type of aquifer is located in the vicinity of letter A? Confined aquifer A A

16. Define “water table”

17. Define “water table” level of fresh water below the surface.

18. Which well, A or B, is most susceptible to salt water intrusion?

19. Which well, A or B, is most susceptible to salt water intrusion
Which well, A or B, is most susceptible to salt water intrusion? B, it is closer to the ocean A B

20. Which well, A or B or both, have/has a cone of depression?

21. Which well or wells, A or B, has/have a cone of depression. Both
Which well or wells, A or B, has/have a cone of depression? Both. Cone of depression exists when the water table moves further from the surface. A B

22. An rectangle shaped aquifer is about 300 meters deep, 200 meters wide and 500 meters long. How many cubic meters of water does the aquifer hold?

23. An rectangle shaped aquifer is about 300 meters deep, 200 meters wide and 500 meters long. How many cubic meters of water does the aquifer hold?
300m X 200m X 500m = 30,000,000m3

24. Which of the rivers listed below are not considered to be in the top ten largest rivers?
Nile, Mississippi, Santa Ana, Congo, Colorado, Amazon, Yangze, Euphrates, Tigris, Mammoth Creek,

25. Which of the rivers listed below are not considered to be in the top ten largest rivers?
Nile, Mississippi, Santa Ana, Congo, Colorado, Amazon, Yangze, Euphrates, Tigris, Mammoth Creek,

26. Locate the Yangtze River, Nile and the Amazon rivers in the map below.

28. State the percent change formula.

29. State the percent change formula.

30. Identify the colors of the following structures: levee, dam, flood plain, and which letter is upstream of the dam?
River Flow B A

31. Identify the colors of the following structures: levee, dam, flood plain, and which letter is upstream of the dam? B is upstream
Flood plain
River Flow
levee B
levee
Dam A
Flood plain

32. How do levees impact the flood plain?
River Flow
levee B
levee
Dam A
Flood plain

33. How do levees impact the flood plain
How do levees impact the flood plain? Prevent nutrient rich waters from reaching the flood plain, may cause downstream flooding.
Flood plain
River Flow
levee B
levee
Dam A
Flood plain

34. Which of the ponds below could be considered eutrophic?

35. Which of the ponds below could be considered eutrophic?

36. How do humans influence the primary production of lakes?

37. How do humans influence the primary production of lakes
How do humans influence the primary production of lakes? Through the introduction of limiting resources through runoff,like nitrogen or phosphates, lakes become more nutrient rich.

38. What is an aqueduct?

39. What is an aqueduct? A system of canals or pipes used to transport fresh water from a location that has lots of water to one that has less water.

40. What is an estuary and how can aqueducts impact an estuarine environment?

41. What is an estuary and how can aqueducts impact an estuarine environment? Estuaries are formed where salt water meets fresh water. Aqueducts remove fresh water from a river and thus make the estuary more saline which reduces the species richness of the estuary.

42. What has happened to the Aral Sea since the 1950s?

43. What has happened to the Aral Sea since the 1950s
What has happened to the Aral Sea since the 1950s? Rivers that fed the sea have been diverted and as a result the sea has shrunk, become more saline and the surrounding area is prone to dust storms.

44. What can a water poor country do besides aqueducts to get fresh water?

45. What can a water poor country do besides aqueducts to get fresh water
What can a water poor country do besides aqueducts to get fresh water? Use desalinization

46. Describe 2 forms of desalinization.

47. Describe 2 forms of desalinization. Reverse Osmosis and Distillation

48. Which form of desalinization uses the most energy?
Salt water
Reverse osmosis

49. Which form of desalinization uses the most energy? Distillation
Salt water
Reverse osmosis

50. Describe how reverse osmosis could harm an estuary.

51. Describe how reverse osmosis could harm an estuary
Describe how reverse osmosis could harm an estuary. Reverse osmosis produces brine. If the brine is dumped into the estuary, the estuary becomes more saline which could reduce the species richness of the estuary.
Reverse osmosis

52. What part of the world produces the most desalinated water?

53. What part of the world produces the most desalinated water? Middle East

54. How many people in the world do not have access to clean, fresh water?

55. How many people in the world do not have access to clean, fresh water
How many people in the world do not have access to clean, fresh water? 1 billion

56. What percent of fresh water is used for the following categories: agriculture, industry, and by households?

57. What percent of fresh water is used for the following categories: agriculture 70%, industry 20%, and by households 10%?

58. Industrial processes use fresh water
Industrial processes use fresh water. What industrial process uses the most water?

59. Industrial processes use fresh water
Industrial processes use fresh water. What industrial process uses the most water? Generating electricity

60. Describe two ways that water is used to generate electricity.

61. Describe two ways that water is used to generate electricity
Describe two ways that water is used to generate electricity. Hydroelectric dams and steam plants

62. Where is most of the irrigated land in the world located?

63. Where is most of the irrigated land in the world located
Where is most of the irrigated land in the world located? US, China, India

64. Most of the fresh water used inside houses is used for _______.

65. Most of the fresh water used inside houses is used for toilet flushing.

66. What type of irrigation is least expensive and least efficient?

67. What type of irrigation is least expensive and least efficient
What type of irrigation is least expensive and least efficient? Furrow Irrigation

68. Increasing the cost of water would encourage people to conserve ___________ water.

69. Increasing the cost of water would encourage people to conserve more water.

70. What will happen to the water table if water is pumped from an aquifer faster than the aquifer is recharged?

71. What will happen to the water table if water is pumped from an aquifer faster than the aquifer is recharged? The height of the water table will decrease.

72. What is gray water?

73. What is gray water? Water from showers and washing machines that could be used to wash cars or irrigate plants.

74. How many liters of water is required to raise one metric ton of beef?
100,000 liters of water for 1 kg of beef
1,000 liters = 1 metric ton of water.
1 metric ton = 1,000 kg.

75. How much water is required to raise one metric ton of beef?
100,000 liters of water for 1 kg of beef
1,000 liters = 1 metric ton of water.
1 metric ton = 1,000 kg.
“enough to float a battleship” 8

76. Would it take more or less water to produce a metric ton of grain (compared to the previous slide of 1 metric ton of beef)?

77. Would it take more or less water to produce a metric ton of grain (compared to the previous slide of 1 metric ton of beef)? Much less.

78. Be sure you find out how people in dry climates like Nevada reduce water use according to your text.

79. Dikes in the Netherlands, do they restrain fresh water or salt water?

80. Dikes in the Netherlands, do they restrain fresh water or salt water?

81. Know that countries have international problems created by water diversion projects.

82. Know that countries have international problems created by water diversion projects.
Middle Eastern Countries, Egypt & Uganda, Bangladesh & India

83. You are selecting a new dishwasher. You do 100 loads per year
You are selecting a new dishwasher. You do 100 loads per year. The less efficient model uses 10 gallons per load. The more efficient model use 5 gallons per load. How much money will be saved on water if you select the more efficient model and the price of water is $1.00 per 1000 gallons.

84. You are selecting a new dishwasher. You do 100 loads per year
You are selecting a new dishwasher. You do 100 loads per year. The less efficient model uses 10 gallons per load. The more efficient model use 5 gallons per load. How much money will be saved on water if you select the more efficient model and the price of water is $1.00 per 1000 gallons.
10 gallons – 5 gallons = 5 gallons per load
5 gallons per load * 100 loads per year =
500 gallons per year.
500 gallons * $1.00/1000 gallons = $0.50.

85. You are selecting a new dishwasher. You do 100 loads per year
You are selecting a new dishwasher. You do 100 loads per year. The less efficient model uses 10 gallons per load. The more efficient model use 5 gallons per load. How much money will be saved on water if you select the more efficient model and the price of water is $1.00 per 1000 gallons.
10 gallons – 5 gallons = 5 gallons per load
5 gallons per load * 100 loads per year =
500 gallons per year.
500 gallons * $1.00/1000 gallons = $0.50.
Based on this information, is there any economic incentive to by a water efficient dishwasher?

86. You are selecting a new dishwasher. You do 100 loads per year
You are selecting a new dishwasher. You do 100 loads per year. The less efficient model uses 10 gallons per load. The more efficient model use 5 gallons per load. How much money will be saved on water if you select the more efficient model and the price of water is $1.00 per 1000 gallons.
10 gallons – 5 gallons = 5 gallons per load
5 gallons per load * 100 loads per year =
500 gallons per year.
500 gallons * $1.00/1000 gallons = $0.50.
Based on this information, is there any economic incentive to by a water efficient dishwasher? NO

87. How many square meters in a hectare?

88. How many square meters in a hectare? 100m X 100m = 10,000m2