1. The Cell Cycle

2. The cell cycle is the regular sequence of
growth and division that cells undergo.
It contains three parts: interphase, mitosis,
and cytokinesis

3. Chromosome
Chromosomes, which contain DNA, are found inside the nucleus in the cell

4. Mitosis
Mitosis consists of four phases, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase
Mitosis is the process by which a cell’s nucleus divides to create a daughter cell that is genetically identical to the parent cell
We call the original cell the parent cell and we call the new cell a daughter cell

5. When does Your Body Undergo Mitosis?
Takes place when healing injured tissue
Growth- zygote to adulthood
Regular maintenance of the body

6. We all started off as a tiny, single cell. That
cell then underwent a process called
mitosis which then created another
cell identical to it. Then that cell
divided to create another, and so forth….

7. After fertilization occurs, mitosis begins

8. A baby slowly grows into an adult
This is a result of mitosis…..

9. Interphase The first stage of the cell cycle
It is the period before cell division
During interphase three things happen:
The cell grows to its mature size
It makes a copy of its DNA and organelles
It prepares for mitosis

11. Prophase The nuclear membrane begins to break down
The chromatin in the nucleus begins to condense and coil, like fishing line around a ball
Since DNA has replicated in interphase, each rod has doubled, each being an exact copy of the other
Spindle fiber forms

12. Prophase

13. Metaphase The chromosomes line up across the center of the cell
Each chromosome attaches to a spindle fiber at its centromere, which holds the chromatids together

14. Metaphase

15. Metaphase
Chromosomes move along the spindle fibers and line up at the equator of the cell

16. Anaphase The centromeres split The two chromatids separate
Each chromatid moves along the spindle fiber to opposite ends of the cell
The cell stretches out

17. Anaphase
Chromosomes begin to pull apart and move to opposite ends of the cell

18. Which phase am I?
Anaphase!

19. Telophase
The chromosomes begin to stretch out and lose their rod like structure
This occurs in two regions at the ends of the cell
A new nuclear membrane forms around each chromosome

20. Telophase

21. Which Phase am I ?
Telophase!

23. The cell spends most of its time in interphase

24. Cytokinesis
The cell membrane pinches in around the middle of the cell, eventually splitting in two
Each daughter cell ends up with the same number of identical chromosomes and about half of the organelles and cytoplasm

25. Cytokinesis
Division of the cytoplasm and organelles

26. Cytokinesis

27. Plant cell cytokinesis
A plant cell does not divide in the same way as the animal cell because its cell wall is too rigid to squeeze together the way the animal cell does
Instead a cell plate forms in the middle of the cell (made of sticky carbohydrate)
The cell plate gradually develops into a cell membrane, then a cell wall develops

28. Plant Cell Cytokinesis

29. Note Check What are the three phases of the cell cycle?
What are the four phases, in order, of mitosis?
In which phase does DNA replicate?
In your own words what it mitosis?
Why are the daughter cells genetically identical to the parent cell in mitosis?

30. Cancer
Any substance that is known to cause cancer is called a carcinogen
Cancer can be caused by genetic factors, environmental factors, and /or a unhealthy diet
Cancer occurs when a mutation occurs in the DNA
The cell no longer follows the “check point rules”

31. Cancer
Cancer cells can be thought of as bully cells, they don’t play by the rules
They divide uncontrollably, invading the space of other cells so that they no longer can survive
A tumor results from a mass of cells
Benign tumors are good because they are localized and are easy to remove
Malignant tumors spread throughout the body and are less easy to treat

33. What phase am I?

34. What phase am I in?

35. How about me?

36. And what phase am I in?