Characteristics of Living Things

Characteristics of Living Things
What makes something an organism?

Key Words Organism: Biotic: Abiotic:

Key Words Organism: any living thing Biotic: Abiotic:

Key Words Organism: any living thing
Biotic: a term used to describe a living or once living thing Abiotic:

Key Words Organism: any living thing
Biotic: a term used to describe a living or once living thing Abiotic: a term used to describe something that was never living

Living things are made up of fundamental units called cells

Living things are made up of fundamental units called cells Cell: collection of living matter enclosed by a barrier that separates the cell from its surroundings (cell membrane)

Living things are made up of fundamental units called cells Cell: collection of living matter enclosed by a barrier that separates the cell from its surroundings (cell membrane) Smallest units of an organism that can be considered alive

Living things are made up of fundamental units called cells Cell: collection of living matter enclosed by a barrier that separates the cell from its surroundings (cell membrane) Smallest units of an organism that can be considered alive Single cell: unicellular; Many cells: multicellular

Living things reproduce

Living things reproduce Production of new organisms or cells (healing, growing)

Living things reproduce Production of new organisms or cells (healing, growing) Two types:

Living things reproduce Production of new organisms or cells (healing, growing) Two types: Sexual reproduction: cells from two different parents unite to produce the first cell of the new organism; new mix of genetic material

Living things reproduce Production of new organisms or cells (healing, growing) Two types: Sexual reproduction: cells from two different parents unite to produce the first cell of the new organism; new mix of genetic material Asexual reproduction: new organism has a single parent; May result when a piece breaks off from the parent organism or when the parent organism divides in two

Living things are based on a universal genetic code

Living things are based on a universal genetic code Asexual reproduction: offspring have same traits as parents

Living things are based on a universal genetic code Asexual reproduction: offspring have same traits as parents Sexual reproduction: offspring differ from their parents

Living things are based on a universal genetic code Asexual reproduction: offspring have same traits as parents Sexual reproduction: offspring differ from their parents Genetic code is carried by DNA

Living things grow and develop

Living things grow and develop Growth: increase in size (cell number)

Living things grow and develop Growth: increase in size (cell number) Development: change in shape and structure of an organism over time

Living things grow and develop Growth: increase in size (cell number) Development: change in shape and structure of an organism over time Cells go through differentiation to become specialized

Living things grow and develop Growth: increase in size (cell number) Development: change in shape and structure of an organism over time Cells go through differentiation to become specialized May include periods of rapid and dramatic change (humans, butterflies, frogs, etc)

Living things obtain and use materials and energy.

Living things obtain and use materials and energy. Metabolism: combination of chemical reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down materials as it carries out its life processes

Living things obtain and use materials and energy. Metabolism: combination of chemical reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down materials as it carries out its life processes All organisms take in selected materials from their environment; how they do so varies

Living things obtain and use materials and energy. Metabolism: combination of chemical reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down materials as it carries out its life processes All organisms take in selected materials from their environment; how they do so varies Absorb sunlight (photosynthesis)

Living things obtain and use materials and energy. Metabolism: combination of chemical reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down materials as it carries out its life processes All organisms take in selected materials from their environment; how they do so varies Absorb sunlight (photosynthesis) Eat food

Living things obtain and use materials and energy. Metabolism: combination of chemical reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down materials as it carries out its life processes All organisms take in selected materials from their environment; how they do so varies Absorb sunlight (photosynthesis) Eat food Breathe/respire

Living things respond to their environment.

Living things respond to their environment. Stimulus: signal to which an organism responds

Living things respond to their environment. Stimulus: signal to which an organism responds External: come from the environment outside the organism; ex. Light, temperature (plant roots respond to gravity by growing down)

Living things respond to their environment. Stimulus: signal to which an organism responds External: come from the environment outside the organism; ex. Light, temperature (plant roots respond to gravity by growing down) Internal: come from the environment inside the organism; ex. Sugar glucose (if it’s low, your body will respond by making you feel hungry)

Living things maintain a stable internal environment.

Living things maintain a stable internal environment. Homeostasis: keeping a stable internal environment

Living things maintain a stable internal environment. Homeostasis: keeping a stable internal environment Ex. When your body temperature goes too low, you shiver; muscle movement creates warmth

Characteristics of Living things
Living things have methods for eliminating waste

Living things have methods for eliminating waste Living things must have a method for eliminating bi- products or waste products

Living things have methods for eliminating waste Living things must have a method for eliminating bi- products or waste products Ex. In humans, exhaling, defecation, urination

Let’s practice… Our cat had kittens yesterday.
Our dog was much smaller when it was a puppy. When you look at a piece of a plant leaf under a microscope, you see many smaller divisions. My children look a lot like their father.

Let’s practice… Our cat had kittens yesterday: Reproduction
Our dog was much smaller when it was a puppy. When you look at a piece of a plant leaf under a microscope, you see many smaller divisions. My children look a lot like their father.

Our dog was much smaller when it was a puppy. Growth When you look at a piece of a plant leaf under a microscope, you see many smaller divisions. My children look a lot like their father.

Our dog was much smaller when it was a puppy. Growth When you look at a piece of a plant leaf under a microscope, you see many smaller divisions. Cells My children look a lot like their father.

Our dog was much smaller when it was a puppy. Growth When you look at a piece of a plant leaf under a microscope, you see many smaller divisions. Cells My children look a lot like their father. Genetic code

More practice… I sweat a lot after football practice. It helps me cool down. My cat ran under the porch when his car pulled into the driveway. Mrs. Ricciardi, can I go to the bathroom? I am always tired after I run a mile.

More practice… I sweat a lot after football practice. It helps me cool down. Homeostasis My cat ran under the porch when his car pulled into the driveway. Mrs. Ricciardi, can I go to the bathroom? I am always tired after I run a mile.

More practice… I sweat a lot after football practice. It helps me cool down. Homeostasis My cat ran under the porch when his car pulled into the driveway. Response Mrs. Ricciardi, can I go to the bathroom? I am always tired after I run a mile.

More practice… I sweat a lot after football practice. It helps me cool down. Homeostasis My cat ran under the porch when his car pulled into the driveway. Response Mrs. Ricciardi, can I go to the bathroom? Waste I am always tired after I run a mile.

More practice… I sweat a lot after football practice. It helps me cool down. Homeostasis My cat ran under the porch when his car pulled into the driveway. Response Mrs. Ricciardi, can I go to the bathroom? Waste I am always tired after I run a mile. Energy

Characteristics of Living Things

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