1. EVOLUTION BY NATURAL SELECTION

2. 3 WAYS LAMARK GOT EVOLUTION WRONG
Organisms DON’T have a desire to change
Use and Disuse DON’T MATTER
Traits must be GENETIC to be passed to the next generation

3. 3 MAJOR FACTORS INFLUENCING DARWIN
The age of the earth (Lyell)
Population controls (Malthus)
Breeding programs--aka Artificial Selection (Farmers)

4. ARTIFICIAL SELECTION Humans make sure that only individuals with more desirable traits produce offspring

5. SURVIVAL OF THE FITTEST Individuals whose traits are well suited to the environment survive. Those who aren’t die (or leave fewer offspring)

6. NATURAL SELECTION The process in nature where the most fit organisms produce more offspring

7. PEPPERED MOTHS: NATURAL SELECTION IN ACTION!

8. LOOK AT THE MOTHS BELOW AND PREDICT THE TYPE OF HABITAT THEY WOULD LIVE IN

9. PEPPER MOTHS pre-industrialization
Which moth would be more fit? WHY???

10. PEPPER MOTHS post-industrialization
Which moth would be more fit? WHY???

11. ON WHAT DOES NATURAL SELECTION OPERATE?
PHENOTYPIC VARIATION

12. What is the cause of Phenotypic Variation?
GENETIC MUTATIONS

13. THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEW SPECIES

14. POPULATION a collection of individuals of the same species in an given area that can breed with one another

15. NICHE the combination of an organism’s habitat and its job or role in that habitat

16. NO TWO SPECIES CAN OCCUPY THE SAME NICHE FOR VERY LONG!!!

17. WHAT HAPPENS IF 2 SPECIES OCCUPY THE SAME NICHE FOR LONG?
EXTINCTION or
EVOLUTION

18. DIVERGENT EVOLUTION (aka Adaptive Radiation) different species diverge from a common ancestor

19. CONVERGENT EVOLUTION creation of organisms that are similar in appearance and behavior (bats, birds, butterflies)