1. Chapter 27 – Early Years of the Cold War
Section Notes
Video
Adjusting to Peace
War in Korea and a New Red Scare
The Nation Prospers
The Impact of Television
Maps
Cold War Europe, 1955
The Korean War
History Close-up
Inside a Bomb Shelter
Images
Quick Facts
Jackie Robinson
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Linking to Today: The United Nations
Primary Source: Fear of Communism
The Yalta and Potsdam Conferences
The Fair Deal
Postwar Boom,
Chapter 27 Visual Summary

2. Adjusting to Peace The Big Idea
After World War II, Americans adjusted to new challenges both at home and around the world.
Main Ideas
As World War II ended, leaders began planning the future of the postwar world.
The United States and the Soviet Union went from being allies to enemies after World War II.
Americans adjusted to postwar life.

3. Main Idea 1: As World War II ended, leaders began planning the future of the postwar world.
Yalta Conference
Leaders met to discuss Europe’s future. Roosevelt/US, Churchill/Britain, Stalin/Soviet Union
Supported creation of international peacekeeping organization
Agreed on free elections for countries liberated from German control
Yalta Conference
Soviets set up pro-soviet communist gov’t.

4. Yalta Conference

5. Main Idea 1: As World War II ended, leaders began planning the future of the postwar world.
Potsdam Conference
Allied leaders (Truman/US, Attlee/Britain, Stalin/Soviet Union) divided conquered Germany into four zones.
Britain, France, the United States, and the Soviet Union would each control one zone.
Berlin also divided into four zones

6. Main Idea 1: As World War II ended, leaders began planning the future of the postwar world.
War Crimes Trials
The Nuremberg trials put high-ranking Nazi officials on trial.
The International Military Tribunal of the Far East put Japanese officials on trial.
Established that individuals must be held responsible for committing war crimes, even when acting on behalf of a government
War Crimes Trials
19 Nazi leaders and 8 Japanese leaders found guilty. Most were put to death

7. Nuremberg Trial

8. The United Nations
In 1944, American, British, Soviet, and Chinese representatives met to draft a plan for the United Nations– an organization dedicated to resolving international conflicts.
In 1945, representatives from 50 countries met to write the UN Charter.
Eleanor Roosevelt was first U.S. delegate

9. The United Nations
One of its first major actions was to divide Palestine into separate Arab and Jewish states.
May 14, 1948– Jewish leaders announced the creation of nation of Israel.
Arab leaders protested and invaded.
Israeli forces drove Arabs back and a truce was made.
Israeli joined the UN.

10. Palestine

12. Main Idea 2: The United States and the Soviet Union went from being allies to enemies after World War II.
From Allies to Enemies
After the war, differences arose between United States and Soviet Union.
Americans committed to capitalism and democracy
Soviets hoped to spread communism around the world.

13. Main Idea 2: The United States and the Soviet Union went from being allies to enemies after World War II.
The Iron Curtain
Stalin established Communist governments in Poland and Eastern Europe, cutting them off from the rest of the world.
Satellite states- Under Soviet control
The term iron curtain came to be used to describe this division.
The phrase Cold War came to be used to describe the struggle for global power between the Soviet Union and the United States.

14. Marshall Plan

15. U.S. Foreign Policy
Goal– containment, or preventing the Soviet Union from expanding its influence around the world
Greece and Turkey- Communist ready to take over
Truman asked for aid to be sent to stop the Communist.
Truman Doctrine- policy of providing aid to help foreign countries fight Communism

16. U.S. Foreign Policy
George Marshall wanted European leaders to develop plans for economic recovery.
U.S. will help fund
Marshall Plan– Western Europe received more than $13 billion in U.S. loans and grants for European economic recovery between 1948 and 1952.

17. U.S. Foreign Policy
North Atlantic Treaty Organization– a coalition of the United States, nine Western European countries, Canada, and Iceland.
Members promised to defend each other if attacked.
Soviet Union responded by creating Warsaw Pact, a military
alliance with its Eastern European satellite countries.

19. Main Idea 3: Americans adjusted to postwar life.
Worried about economic depression
Government urged women to give up their jobs once veterans returned.
The Servicemen’s Readjustment Act, or GI Bill of Rights, offered veterans money for school, as well as loans for houses, farms, and businesses.
Inflation rose as people rushed to buy products that were limited during war.
Rose about 18%
Economy

20. Main Idea 3: Americans adjusted to postwar life.
More than 35 percent of non-farm workers were union members in 1946.
With inflation on rise, many went on strike. For higher wages.
Labor unions became a major political problem.
Government worked to reduce power of labor unions.
Passed the Taft-Hartley Act in 1947 that outlawed closed shops, or business that could hire only union members.
80 day cooling off period before a strike.
Labor

21. 1947

23. Civil Rights after the War
African American veterans faced segregation and prejudice at home.
Helped lead a major effort to gain equal rights
Truman appointed Committee on Civil Rights to investigate discrimination and suggest solutions.
Anti lynching laws, outlaw segregation, protect civil rights
Congress failed to act on the committee’s report.

24. Civil Rights after the War
In 1948 Truman issued an executive order to
End segregation in the armed forces, and
Ban discrimination in the hiring of federal employees.

25. Election of 1948
President Truman faced many challenges for reelection.
Southern Democrats opposed his support for civil rights laws.
Dixiecrats favored segregation
Republicans controlled Congress and felt their candidate, New York governor Thomas Dewey, could beat Truman.
Congress rejected other parts, including civil rights legislation.

26. 1948 Election

27. Election of 1948
Truman took his case for reelection to the American people.
Traveled thousands of miles and gave hundreds of speeches
Defended his views and attacked Congress
In 1948 election, Truman won a surprise victory.

28. Election of 1948
Urged Congress to support his plan for a package of domestic programs called the Fair Deal
Congress approved some parts, including higher minimum wage and expanded Social Security benefits.
Congress rejected other parts, including civil rights legislation.

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