1. THE DISTINCTIVENESS OF AFRICAN POLITICS
Great historical transformation (political and economic realms)
Bayart, Ellis, Hibou The Criminalization of the State in Africa
2. Permanent Crisis and the Instrumentalization of the Reform Process
Nick van de Walle African Economies and the Politics of Permanent Crisis,
Paul Azam’s “triangular predation model” (2002)
3. Instrumentalization of War and Violence & the Advent of Warlordism
Will Reno Warlord Politics and African States
4. Adaptation, Reconfigurations
Pierre Englebert Africa: Unity, Sovereignty and Sorrow.

2. Source: World Bank Files.
                                                                                                                   
Source: World Bank data files.
Source: World Bank Files.

4. AFRICA’S OIL 3.8 m barrels per day (2005) 38% US and Canada
35% Asia-Pacific
20% Europe
5% Latin America
2% Africa

5. HOW AFRICAN POLITICAL SYSTEMS ARE DISTINCT
Great historical transformation (political and economic realms)
Bayart, Ellis, Hibou The Criminalization of the State in Africa
2. Permanent Crisis and the Instrumentalization of the Reform Process
Nick van de Walle African Economies and the Politics of Permanent Crisis,
3. Instrumentalization of War and Violence & the Advent of Warlordism
Will Reno Warlord Politics and African States
4. Are Poor Economic Performance and Political Instability Related?
Paul Azam’s “triangular predation model” (2002)

6. THE POLITICS OF PREDATION & DEPRIVATION
Foreign Interests
Policies
Polity
Natural Resources
State
(Governments)
CONFLICTS

7. Azam’s Triangular Predation Model (2002)
Resources & Ethnic Conflict
Village 2
State
Ethnic Competition
Village 3
Village 1
Salaries
Corruption
Political Support
“Best and Brightest” Members
Ethnic Competition
Urban Elites
Remittances
Village n

8. CONFLICTS

9. Will Reno on Warlordism:
One of the unpleasant realities of contemporary conflicts is that in many
parts of the third world, wars are no longer being fought to win, but rather
are fought to create and maintain environments of lawlessness and
violence from which certain groups and individuals profiteer. Over the course of the 1990s, this phenomenon has come to be called “warlordism.” In Sierra Leone, Liberia, Congo, Colombia, Angola, Somalia, Sudan, and elsewhere, war is waged mainly to enable the protagonists on all sides to loot and profit from extralegal control of trade in everything from diamonds to timber to diverted food relief. The key to these protracted armed conflicts is that, despite public appearances, neither rebel nor “government” forces have an interest in ending the war, and even less of an interest in a return to rule of law. In some instances governments and rebels even collude to perpetuate the wars from which they profit.

10. Somaliland (1991- )