1. Australia, New Zealand, Oceania, & Antarctica

2. Georgia Standards
SSWG9 The student will describe the interaction of physical and human systems that have shaped contemporary Oceania, including Australia, New Zealand, and Antarctica.
a. Describe the location of major physical features and their impact on the region.
b. Describe the major climates and their impact on the region.
c. Analyze the impact isolation has had on the cultural and biological development of the region.
d. Describe the various ethnic and religious groups; include major customs and traditions.
e. Explain how the migration of diverse ethnic groups and available natural resources have affected the economic and political development.
f. Explain why it was necessary for world governments involved in the exploration of Antarctica to develop and sign the Antarctic Treaty of 1961.

3. Australia
Only continent that is also a country

4. Great Barrier Reef
One of the world’s natural wonders, located on Australia’s Northeastern coast
Made of coral, which is the limestone skeletons of sea animals
World’s largest coral reef

5. Creatures of the Great Barrier Reef
Great White Shark
Man of War Jellyfish

6. Australian Outback Very dry and ARID Area where few people live
Ayer’s Rock – Popular tourist site in the outback

7. Climate

8. Native People The Aborigines
Migrated from Asia at least 40,000 years ago
Nomadic people, never established permanent settlements
Hunted with boomerangs

9. Australia Settled & colonized by the British
Was set up as a colony for convicts (Penal Colony)

10. Environment Europeans introduced to Australia:
Camels
Rabbits
Sheep
Sugarcane
Native Animals to Australia:
Kangaroos
Koalas
Wallabies

11. New Zealand North Island & South Island
Very diverse landmass: plains, lakes, mountains, plateaus, volcanoes  site of the filming of the Lord of the Rings films

12. Settled & colonized by the British
Large producer of wool & other sheep related products

13. Climate
With the exception of its mountain areas, New Zealand has only one climate region, Marine West Coast
Rain falls throughout the year
Temperatures are mild

14. Native People
The Maori
Came from Polynesia to settle New Zealand

15. Oceania Made up more than 20,000 islands 3 Categories:
Melanesia  north of Australia; “black islands”
Micronesia  north of Melanesia & south of Japan; “tiny islands”
Polynesia  covers the area from Midway Island in the north to New Zealand in the south; “many islands”

16. Most islands formed by volcanic activity from the “Ring of Fire”

17. High Islands – created by volcanoes
Low Islands – made of coral reefs

18. In Oceania the main form of necessary transport is by boat
Outrigger canoes
Sailboats
Motor-powered boats

19. For longer distances sea planes are used because no airport is needed to land

20. Settled and explored by Christian missionaries

21. Antarctica Twice the size of Australia
An ice covered plateau with ice up to 2 miles thick in places, & ice covers 95% of the continent

22. The Antarctic Treaty of 1961 divided the continent up between a number of nations.
These nations use their designated areas on the continent mainly to conduct scientific research.
Nations pledged to keep Antarctica clean and free of pollution.

23. Climate The highest & driest of the continents
Temperatures drop as low as -100° F
On the Antarctic Peninsula with its tundra climate, summer temps can reach 60° F.
Vegetation & animal life flourish here  dominated by lichens (likens), a type of algae and a variety of animal species