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Climate and Terrestrial Biodiversity
G. Tyler Miller’s Living in the Environment 14th Edition Chapter 6
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Key Concepts Factors influencing weather Factors influencing climate
Effect of climate on distribution of biomes Characteristics of major biome types
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Weather: A Brief Introduction
Warm front Cold front Jet Streams Weather extremes Fig. 6-2 p. 102
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Atmospheric Pressure High Pressure, Low Pressure
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Climate Temperature Precipitation Fig. 6-5 p. 105
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What Determines the different climates that occur?
The Amount of Incoming Solar Radiation (Insolation) per unit of land Air Circulation Water Circulation Fig. 6-5 p. 105
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Factors Influencing Air Patterns
Uneven heating of earth’s surface Earth’s Tilt and resulting seasons Earths Rotation Properties of air water, and land Fig. 6-5 p. 105
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Air circulation and climate animation.
Click to view animation.
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Air circulation interaction.
Animation Air circulation interaction. Click to view animation.
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Seasons Fig. 6-7 p. 106
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Ocean Currents and Winds
Redistribute heat over earth’s surface Ocean Currents /temp. and density Redistribute heat Mix ocean water Winds and upwelling Fig. 6-5 p. 105
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Upwelling along western coasts animation.
Click to view animation.
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Movement of surface water Wind Diving birds Fish Upwelling Zooplankton Phytoplankton Nutrients
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Air Circulation Fig. 6-8, p. 107 Fig. 6-10, p. 107
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Short-Term Climate Changes: ENSO
Fig p. 108
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El Nino Southern Oscillation interaction.
Animation El Nino Southern Oscillation interaction. Click to view animation.
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Figure 6-13 Page 109 El Niño Drought Unusually high rainfall
Unusually warm periods Figure 6-13 Page 109
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Greenhouse Gasses List gases: Natural Green House Effect
Humans have added CO2, NOx, CH4 Problems associated with Green House Effect Fig. 6-5 p. 105
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Greenhouse effect interaction.
Animation Greenhouse effect interaction. Click to view animation.
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Greenhouse Effect Greenhouse gases Fig p. 110
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Greenhouse effect interaction.
Animation Greenhouse effect interaction. Click to view animation.
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Rain Shadow Effect Microclimates Fig p. 110
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Figure 6-16 Page 111 Tropic of Cancer Equator Tropic of Capricorn
Semidesert, arid grassland Arctic tundra (polar grasslands) Desert Boreal forest (taiga), evergreen coniferous forest (e.g., montane coniferous forest) Tropical rain forest, tropical evergreen forest Mountains (complex zonation) Temperate deciduous forest Tropical deciduous forest Ice Temperate grassland Tropical scrub forest Dry woodlands and shrublands (chaparral) Tropical savanna, thorn forest
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Biomes: Climate and Life on Land
Relationship between latitude and altitude Desert Biomes Grassland, Tundra and Chaparral Biomes Forest Biomes Mountain Biomes
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Biomes: Latitude and Altitude
Refer to Fig p. 112 Fig p. 112
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Desert Biomes Tropical deserts Temperate deserts Cold deserts
Refer to Fig p. 114
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Grassland, Tundra, and Chaparral Biomes
Tropical grasslands and Savannas Temperate grasslands Polar grasslands (Arctic tundra) Permafrost Alpine tundra Chaparral Refer to Figs. 6-23, 6-24, and 6-25 pp
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Forest Biomes Tropical rainforest Temperate deciduous forest
Evergreen coniferous forest (boreal forest) Temperate rain forest Refer to Figs. 6-29, 6-30, 6-31, and 6-32 pp
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Mountain Biomes Mimic latitude Islands of biodiversity
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