1. Volume 133, Issue 4, Pages 1370-1373 (October 2007)
The Cholinergic Anti-Inflammatory Pathway and the Gastrointestinal Tract 
Bruno Bonaz 
Gastroenterology 
Volume 133, Issue 4, Pages (October 2007)
DOI: /j.gastro
Copyright © 2007 AGA Institute Terms and Conditions

2. Figure 1
Neural pathway of immunomodulation. ACh, acetylcholine; ACTH, adrenocorticotropin hormone; AP, area postrema; DMN, dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus; EN, epinephrine; GC, glucocorticoids; LC, locus coeruleus; LPS, lipopolysaccharide (endotoxin); NE, norepinephrine; NTS, nucleus tractus solitarius; PVN, paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus; RVM, rostral ventrolateral medulla; SNS, sympathetic nervous system. (From Pavlov VA, Wang H, Czura CJ, et al. The cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway: a missing link in neuroimmunomodulation. Mol Med 2003;9:125–134.) (Color version of this figure available online at
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /j.gastro )
Copyright © 2007 AGA Institute Terms and Conditions