1. Section 3-Polling Question
Assess your agreement with the following statement: The United States government acted morally in its acquisition of the land of the present-day continental United States.
A. Strongly agree
B. Somewhat agree
C. Somewhat disagree
D. Strongly disagree A B C D

2. Chapter 12 Manifest Destiny (1818-1853)
Section 3 War With Mexico

3. How did Mexican lands in the West become part of the United States?
Essential Question
How did Mexican lands in the West become part of the United States?

4. The New Mexico Territory
Early New Mexico was a vast region between Texas and California territories
Including present day states- New Mexico, Arizona, Nevada, and Utah
Also parts of Colorado and Wyoming
The Spanish conquistadores made it a Spanish colony in the late 1500s
In 1610 the Spanish founded Santa Fe
Missionaries followed soon after

5. A B C D How did the rancheros treat their Native American workers?
Section 3
How did the rancheros treat their Native American workers?
A. Like family
B. Like well-paid employees
C. Almost like slaves
D. Rancheros did not have Native Americans working on their ranchos. A B C D

6. Santa Fe
Mexico inherited New Mexico from Spain after their independence
The Spanish tried to keep Americans away from this area fearing they would take it over
The Mexicans welcomed American traders hoping to make money
William Becknell reached Santa Fe in 1821 with a supply of goods
The route from Independence, Missouri to Santa Fe became known as the Santa Fe Trail
The Santa Fe Trail was a busy trade route
Trade increased and Americans began to settle in this area
Many saw New Mexico as part of Manifest Destiny

7. California
Spanish explorers and missionaries settled California in the late 1700s
A chain of missions were built from San Diego to Sonoma
The missions were used to convert Native Americans to Christianity
Native Americans also farmed the land and worked at weaving and other crafts
When Mexico won its independence, Mexican settlers bought mission land and set up huge estates called ranchos
Native Americans worked the land for food and shelter
The Rancheros treated the Native Americans almost like slaves

8. A B C D How did the rancheros treat their Native American workers?
Section 3
How did the rancheros treat their Native American workers?
A. Like family
B. Like well-paid employees
C. Almost like slaves
D. Rancheros did not have Native Americans working on their ranchos. A B C D

9. Americans Reach California
1840s- More Americans reached California
John C. Fremont, an army officer, wrote about the region’s mild climate and vast natural resources
Americans started talking about adding California to the Union
With California we would have a safer border (Pacific Ocean rather than a foreign country)
Shippers also hoped to build ports for trade with East Asia

10. Polk Polk saw New Mexico and California as belonging to the US
Mexico refused to sell the land
Polk plotted war, but wanted to provoke Mexico to strike first so he could justify a war
Mexico and the US disagreed on the Texas-Mexico border (Plus Mexico still claimed Texas as its own)
The US said the Rio Grande formed the border
The Mexicans said the border was 150 miles north along the Nueces River

11. Conflict Begins Polk sent John Slidell to Mexico to propose a deal
He could offer $30 million for New Mexico and California and have the Rio Grande as the border
The US would take over Mexico’s debt owed to American citizens
The Mexican government refused and said they were going to reclaim Texas
Polk ordered General Zachary Taylor to the disputed border
April 24, Mexican soldiers attacked Taylor’s force
“Hostilities may now be considered as commenced”
May 11- Congress passed a declaration of war against Mexico

12. Polk’s War Plan Had three parts
1. American forces would drive Mexican forces out of the disputed border region of Texas and secure the border
2. The US would seize New Mexico and California
3. American forces would take Mexico City
The first part worked
Americans then captured New Mexico’s capital, so the second part worked

13. Section 3
Which of these was NOT part of President Polk’s plan in Mexico?
A. To capture Mexico City
B. To seize California
C. To drive Native Americans into Mexico
D. To secure the Texan border A B C D

14. The Bear Flag Republic
June A small group of Americans captured the town of Sonoma (North of San Francisco)
They proclaimed it the independent Republic of California
Called the Bear Flag Republic
John C. Fremont and mountain man Kit Carson also met in Sonoma
Fremont declared that he would conquer California
Many Californios (Mexicans living in California) were outraged

15. The Bear Flag Republic Continued
July The US Navy under Commodore John Sloat captured the ports of Monterey and San Francisco
Sloat declared California was annexed to the US
Sloat sailed for San Diego with Fremont and Kit Carson and captured it
Then moved north to Los Angelas
Some revolted in San Diego, but General Kearny put down the revolt
By January 1847, California was fully controlled by the US

16. The Capture of Mexico City
Polk told General Winfield Scott to capture Mexico City
The army captured Veracruz after three weeks
Then marched (and fought) their way 300 miles south to Mexico City
September The Americans took Mexico City
The Mexican government surrendered
Mexico gave up half of its territory

17. The United States Expands
The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo was signed in February 1848
Mexico gave up Texas and agreed on the Rio Grande as the border
In what was called the Mexican Cession, Mexico ceded California and New Mexico to the US for $15 million
1853- The US paid Mexico $10 million for the Gadsden Purchase
A strip of land along the southern edge of present-day Arizona and New Mexico
The US mainland reached its present size

18. How did Mexican lands in the West become part of the United States?
Essential Question
How did Mexican lands in the West become part of the United States?
-Most were gained in treaty following war
-Final piece gained through Gadsden Purchase

19. When Mexico lost the war with the United States, it lost half its territory.
True
False 10

20. What was the third part of James K. Polk's war plan?
to capture Mexico City
to seize California
to drive Mexicans out of borderlands
to seize New Mexico 10

21. What did the United States insist was the border between the United States and Mexico?
Rio Grande
Nueces River
the Alamo
Mexico City 10

22. What town in California was seized by a small group and renamed the Bear Flag Republic?
San Francisco
San Diego
Buena Vista
Sonoma 10

23. Harrison Tyler Polk Taylor 10
Under whose presidential administration was the United Stated at war with Mexico?
Harrison
Tyler
Polk
Taylor 10