1. Chapter 3 Crisis, Civil War, and Reconstruction 1844-1877
Section 1: Union in Crisis

2. Question
Do wealthy Americans, or corporations today have more political power than other segments of American society? Why/How? Or Why Not?

4. Missouri Compromise Agreement passed in 1820
Regulation of slavery in western territories
Prohibits slavery North of 36⁰ 30’ paralell
Except in Missouri

5. Missouri Compromise

6. Slavery and Western Expansion
Slavery emerges as major issue
Less than 5 % of the population were slaveholders
Controlled government for 50 years
Wilmot Proviso
Proposed by Penn. Congressman
Ban on Slavery in Territory gained during Mexican War
Passes House, defeated in Senate
Increases Tensions

7. Free-Soil Party Free Soil Party
Wilmot Proviso spurs anti-slavery parties
Free Soil Party
“Free Soil, Free Speech, Free Labor, Free Men”

9. Compromise of 1850 Compromise of 1850 Popular Sovereignty
California admitted as a free state (balance of power)
Other territory acquired from Mexico , voters could decide slavery issue for themselves.
Undoes the Missouri Compromise
Included a fugitive slave law
Popular Sovereignty
Letting voters decide the issues

10. Fugitive Slave Law Allowed officials to arrest runaway slaves
Required citizens to help capture runaways
The law stated that in the future any federal marshal who did not arrest an alleged runaway slave could be fined $1,000. People suspected of being a runaway slave could be arrested without warrant and turned over to a claimant on nothing more than his sworn testimony of ownership. A suspected black slave could not ask for a jury trial nor testify on his or her behalf.
Some Northern states Nullify the Law
Outrages at having to legally support slavery
Could be arrested for assisting slaves

12. Fugitive Slave Law

15. Road to Disunion Uncle Tom’s Cabin Harriet Beecher Stowe
Powerful condemnation of slavery
Puts human face on slavery; sells 300,000 copies
“you’re the little woman who wrote the book that made this great war”

16. Kansas -Nebraska Act Slavery to be decided by popular sovereignty
Proslavery/antislavery settlers flock to area
Set up two governments
“Bleeding Kansas”
Violence erupts
John Brown supporters murder 5 people
Kansas enters as free state 1861

18. Republican Party
Abolitionist, anti-slavery business leaders, northerners mad at fugitive slave law
Form Republican party
Have good showing in elections

19. Dred Scott Decision Slave sues for his freedom
Case reaches supreme court
Court rules Slaves are the property of their owners
African Americans not citizens and not entitled to sue in courts
Congress could not ban slavery in any territory
Missouri compromise unconstitutional
Deprives citizens of property w/out due process

20. Lincoln vs. Douglas Series of Debates in Illinois Senate race 1858
Both men excellent speakers
Opposing views on slavery

21. Stephen Douglas “Little Giant” Believes in Popular Sovereignty
Short and Stout
Deep Voice
Democrat
Believes in Popular Sovereignty
Trying to gain Southern Support
Run for president
“This union was established on the right of each State to do as it pleased on the question of slavery, and every other question”

22. Abraham Lincoln Tall/Thin Known for integrity
“honest Abe”
Opposes Popular Sovereignty
Doesn’t call for end to slavery or equality for blacks
Debates bring him national coverage in newspapers

23. Harpers Ferry Raid on Federal Armory in Virginia
Hoping to inspire/arm local slaves to revolt
John Brown (Kansas Murderer)
Put on trial
Defends himself calmly and elegantly
Northern Hero
Further inflames southern anger and suspicion

25. John Brown