1. Analyze primary sources Generate ideas about the American governent
C&E Unit 3&4 Hybrid: The Constitution & Political System Lesson One: The Constitution & Fight for Ratification
LESSON ESSENTIAL QUESTION:
What plan for government does the Constitution create?
Warm UP (in UNIT 2 Note Journal):
What is the best way to ensure that a government protects the rights and freedoms of its people?
Key Lesson Vocabulary
Article V – Constitutional amendment process
Checks & Balances
Limited government
Article VI – Supremacy Clause
Preamble
Article VII – ratification process
Article I
Delegated Powers
Article II
Reserved Powers
Bicameral
Article III
Article IV: Full Faith & Credit clause
Extradition
Key Lesson Skills - Students should be able to:
Analyze primary sources
Generate ideas about the American governent

2. C&E Unit 3: The Constitution: A Balance of Power Lesson One: Constitutional Principles & Fight for Ratification
Performance Task - Option 1
(See Rubric in Lesson Map)
Write (and then record or perform) a poem, song, cheer, or rap demonstrating your own ideas about the purpose of government. In other words, write your own version of a preamble to the Constitution.
Performance Task - Option 2
(See Rubric in Lesson Map)
For these students:
Federalists:
Royale, Monae, Guillermo, Samaj
Anti-Federalists:
Tahja, Shamar, Cam
Class Debate between Federalists & Anti-Federalists

3. (See Rubric in Lesson Map)
C&E Unit 3&4 Hybrid: The Constitution & Political System Lesson One: The Constitution & Fight for Ratification
Performance Task
(See Rubric in Lesson Map)
Write (and then record or perform) a poem, song, cheer, or rap demonstrating your own ideas about the purpose of government. In other words, write your own version of a preamble to the Constitution.
OR: Conduct a debate between Federalists & Anti-Federalists
Website:
DEADLINES & HOMEWORK:
Lesson One: PT: Today
Lesson Two: PT
Lesson Three: PT
Vocabulary Quiz:
Lesson 4: PT
Lesson 5: PT
Lesson 6: PT
Unit 2A Exam: Monday, October 5

4. Describe YOUR Ideal Government!
Write: “Tradeoffs in Government” as heading in your interactive NB
I will give you a series of choices, and I want you to write a sentence for each explaining which choice you prefer.

5. Democratic or not? Most democratic – everyone votes on everything
Least democratic
Dictatorship; government has total control

6. Elected officials or not?
ELECTED – people vote to pick government officials
NOT ELECTED
Heredity (passed on from generation to generation)
Test based system
Government officials must pass tests

7. Centralized or Decentralized?
Centralized – national government has total power and control
DECENTRALIZED –
Lots of smaller government units share power

8. Single leader or not?
One government official person makes all final decisions
No single leader – government officials have to share power with each other

9. Declaration of Independence
What were those main ideas again?

10. Colonists Want to Govern Themselves
Second Continental Congress (1776)
Signs the Declaration of Independence
Written by Thomas Jefferson
Adopts ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION
First attempt at creating an American Government

11. What IS a “constitution”
Constitution – a written plan that sets up the government
Gives government power
Sets limits for government power
Describes how laws will be made
ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION
First attempt to establish a constitution for the United States of America

12. What kind of Government did the Founders Want?
Limited Government --Government may do only those things that the people have given it power to do.
Representative Government / Republic
First three word of constitution: “WE THE PEOPLE”
FEDERALISM / Federal System
SEPARATION OF POWERS:
Power is shared by national, state, & local governments

13. Federalism
Federalism – government system in which power is shared between separately elected governments at the local, state, and national levels
The question is: which level of government has how much power, and how are these powers balanced?

14. Take out Federalism Foldable
What local officials are elected and hold power?
Statewide?
Federal?
What powers do local governments hold?
State governments?
The Federal government?

15. Federalism: Balancing Powers
By guaranteeing that States have certain powers and jurisdiction, the Constitution LIMITS the power of the National government
There has always been debate about HOW MUCH power should be held by states, and how much should be held nationally

16. Separation of Powers: TWO METHODS
Federal System
Different levels of government; each has jurisdiction over different things
JURISDICTION – responsibility over / authority over
NATIONAL GOVERNMENT has power
STATE GOVERNMENT has power
LOCAL GOVERNMENT has power
Checks & Balances: divides powers between branches of THE SAME level of government
NATIONAL / FEDERAL gov has executive, legislative, & judicial
STATE government has executive, legislative, & judicial
LOCAL government has Executive & Legislative

17. The Articles of Confederation create a WEAK federal government
No strong executive (3 co-presidents)
No federal power to tax
No federal court system to resolve disputes
No federal power to regulate commerce
No federal power to enforce laws within the states
In general, the articles left a very weak Federal government and made it difficult to function as a nation; each state could just do its own thing.

18. Shay’s Rebellion (1787)
After the Revolutionary war, the colonies owed France a lot of money
Massachusetts decided to raise taxes on farmers
Daniel Shays and other working class farmers staged a rebellion to protest the tax
Massachusetts was too weak and there was no national army to respond
The rebellion was crushed, but…
Rebellion frightened government officials & proved that the Articles of Confederation were too weak

19. An opening for the Federalists
James Madison was a key federalist
People who believed a strong central government was necessary
Madison called for a convention to draft a new constitution that would replace the Articles of Confederation, which were too weak
Shays’ rebellion helped convince many leaders that Madison was right and a new constitution was necessary

20. Download the notes from classroom
Use them to take your notes up through slide # 19.
There will be a mini quiz at 3:30pm on the notes to this point in the lesson.

21. Analyze primary sources Generate ideas about the American government
C&E Unit 3&4 Hybrid: The Constitution & Political System Lesson One: The Constitution & Fight for Ratification
LESSON ESSENTIAL QUESTION:
What plan for government does the Constitution create?
Warm UP (in classroom):
Analyze this quotation & provide response in classroom:
“Give all the power to the man, they will oppress the few. Give all the power to the few, they will oppress the many.”
Alexander Hamilton, 1787
Key Lesson Vocabulary
Article V – Constitutional amendment process
Checks & Balances
Limited government
Article VI – Supremacy Clause
Preamble
Article VII – ratification process
Article I
Delegated Powers
Article II
Reserved Powers
Bicameral
Article III
Article IV: Full Faith & Credit clause
Extradition
Key Lesson Skills - Students should be able to:
Analyze primary sources
Generate ideas about the American government

22. C&E Unit 3: The Constitution: A Balance of Power Lesson One: Constitutional Principles & Fight for Ratification
Performance Task - Option 1
(See Rubric in Lesson Map)
Write (and then record or perform) a poem, song, cheer, or rap demonstrating your own ideas about the purpose of government. In other words, write your own version of a preamble to the Constitution.
Performance Task - Option 2
(See Rubric in Lesson Map)
For these students:
Federalists:
Royale, Monae, Guillermo, Samaj
Anti-Federalists:
Tahja, Shamar, Cam
Class Debate between Federalists & Anti-Federalists

23. Break this down: what point is this author making?
“Nothing is more certain than the indispensable necessity of government, and it is equally undeniable, that whenever and however it is instituted, the people must cede to it some of their natural rights in order to vest it with requisite powers.”
(Federalist Number 2)

24. Strengthening Federal Power
James Madison was a key federalist
Federalists -- people who believed the national government should have more power than the states
Madison organizes a Constitutional Convention to draft a new constitution that would replace the Articles of Confederation
Shays’ rebellion helped convince many leaders that Madison was right and a new constitution was necessary
New constitution SHIFTS MANY POWERS TO NATIONAL GOVERNMENT

25. So, to sum things up…
Colonists wanted to govern themselves & declared independence from British, authoritarian rule
Articles of Confederation created a weak national government that left most powers in the hands of the states;
By 1787, people like James Madison felt the Federal government needed more power;
Madison organized a Constitutional Convention
Held in Philadelphia, May-August of 1787
New constitution gave more power to the national government, but states still kept some reserved powers
This leads to MAJOR POWER STRUGGLE
Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists

26. Federalism: A Power Struggle
After declaring independence, the new states had to decide how to work together.
They decided on a “confederation,” which is basically an alliance between each state
States DID NOT want to give power to a central authority because they feared the effects of Parliament’s centralized power
States wanted to keep as much control over their own borders as possible

27. The Constitutional Convention (1787)
55 delegates from all 13 states
Met in Philadelphia, PA
G. Washington elected convention president
James Madison – “father” of the constitution

28. What is the purpose of a Constitution?
Constitution – written plan for government
Describes the powers of government
Creates process for selecting government
Creates process for making important decisions
States what rights people have
LIMITS THE POWER OF GOV’T
Who needs a constitution?
Nations
States
Counties/cities (called CHARTERS)
organizations

29. The Social Contract Many seemed unclear on our test, so…
Social contract– an agreement people make to create a government
People give up some freedoms in exchange for a promise from government to protect their natural rights
Locke, Rousseau, and Montesquieu are all considered “social contract” philosophers
Social contract theory developed during the enlightenment

30. The Constitution in 10 Minutes…
With your partner, review the “summary of the constitution” handout
Be prepared to report:
What does each section/article deal with? (the WHAT)
What makes this section/article IMPORTANT (the WHY)
Assigned Sections:
EVERYONE reads preamble & “7 ARTICLES” summary
Article 1: Groups 10 & 7
Article 2: Groups 2 & 9
Article 3: Groups 3 & 8
Article 4: Groups 4 & 6
Article 5: Groups 5
Article 6: ALL GROUPS
Article 7: BONUS!

31. THE Preamble 1st part of Constitution
States the purpose of the constitution
I had to memorize the preamble in 7th grade – did any of you have to do that?

32. In PAIRS (60 seconds): Review each line of the preamble
Brainstorm examples that represent the meaning / significance of each line
Lines 1-2: Groups 1-3
Lines 3-4: Groups 4-6
Lines 5-6: Groups 7 &8
Lines 7-8: Groups 9 & 10
Lines 9-10: Bonus

33. Preamble to the Constitution
We the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.

34. 5 Principles of American Democracy
Limited Government” --Government may do only those things that the people have given it power to do.
“Rule of Law” -- alll people, including those who govern, are bound by the law.
“Consent of the governed” -- The power of the government comes from the citizens.
“Individual Rights” -- Individual rights are protected by government.
“Representative Government” -- People elect government leaders to make laws and govern on their behalf.
Textbook pp

35. Structure of the Constitution
Preamble – describes the purpose & goal of the constitution and of government
Article I – Sets up the Legislative Branch
bicameral legislature, also called Congress, makes laws
Bicameral means TWO PARTS: separate House & Senate
Article II – Sets up the Executive Branch
President, VP & Cabinet
is the chief executive & enforces the laws made by congress
Article III – Sets up the Supreme Court
Judicial Branch (the courts)
Decides court cases
interprets the meaning of the constitution and other laws

36. How does the death of Antonin Scalia affect out government & Politics?
Checks & Balances (EXAMPLE)
Supreme Court Appointment
Antonin Scalia died Saturday

37. Article 1-Legislative Branch (Makes Laws) BI-CAMERAL – two chambers:
Senate
Each state gets 2 seats
6 year terms
House of Representatives
Based on population
2 year terms

38. Expressed / Delegated Powers
“delegated powers” – powers that the constitution gives the FEDERAL government
Also called “DELEGATED” powers;
Clearly written down in the constitution

39. Elastic Clause; also called “necessary & proper clause”
Creates IMPLIED POWERS that are not specifically written into the constitution
Congress has the power to make new laws as it needs to
“to make all laws which shall be necessary and proper” for executing the powers delegated by the constitution

40. Article 2-The Executive Branch (Enforces Laws)
President and Vice President
Terms of 4 years
Chosen by Electoral College

41. Article 3-The Judicial Branch (Interprets Laws)
1 Supreme Court
Lower Courts

42. Separation of Powers Government divided into three branches
the constitution says what each branch can do
Legislative-makes laws
Executive-enforces laws
Judicial-interprets laws

43. Article IV Reserves Powers to the States
“reserved powers” are those that states keep
“delegated powers” are those that the constitution gives the U.S. government
States can set up their own governments and make their own laws
Full Faith and Credit clause
Each state’s citizens must repsect the laws of other states they may visit
Extradition – states must agree to send to another state for trial a person accused of a crime in that state

44. Article IV: Reserved Powers
Delegated Powers
See previous slide:
Powers given to national/FEDERAL gov. by constitution
Delegate – means GIVE
“delegated powers” are things that the constitution clearly says that the federal government has jurisdiction over
If a power is not granted by the constitution, the Federal government DOES NOT HAVE THAT POWER
Reserved Powers
Powers held by the States;
Constitution says the Federal government can’t mess with this stuff, it’s not their job
Concurrent powers – stuff that BOTH the state AND the federal government is responsible for

45. Delegated, Reserved, & Concurrent Powers

46. Article V – Amending the Constution
Constitution CAN be changed, but it’s not easy
2/3 of congress must approve the change
67 senators
281 Representatives
¾ of the states must approve a change
38 states

47. Article VI: Federal Power
Called the SUPREMACY CLAUSE
means that the Constitution is the supreme law of the land (no higher law)
All national and state laws must agree with / be consistent with the U.S. constitution
In a conflict between State & Federal law, Federal law wins:
IMPORTANT FOR Civil Rights:
After the Civil Rights Act, southern states could not legally enforce segregation, even if they still wanted to
Gives judges the authority to strike down State laws that violate the constitution
This is called the power of JUDICIAL REVIEW
conflict: same sex marriage; abortion rights

48. Article 6: SUPREMACY CLAUSE
What’s that again??
No law is higher than the U.S. Constitution
conflict: same sex marriage; abortion rights

49. Article VII - Ratification
Describes process for how each state would need to approve the constitution before it would go into effect

50. 4th - Monday

51. Primary Source Readings
Read and annotate the excerpts from Alexander Hamilton, Benjamin Franklin, & George Mason.
Answer the questions about each on the paper provided. (through #7)
When done: break down the excerpt on the back from James Madison.
Answer the questions provided.
Finish #11.

52. Enter the Anti-Federalists
Anti-federalists opposed the constitution, fearing that:
that 1 person could not effectively represent 30,000 people
Federal government would be dominated by the wealthy and powerful
States would have very little power in the new system

53. Break this down: what point is this author making?
"A bill of rights is what the people are entitled to against every government on earth, general or particular, and what no just government should refuse, or rest on inference.“
Thomas Jefferson

54. 27 Amendments Listed AFTER the 7 articles
These are the changes that have been made to the Constitution
Only 27 in 235 years
1st ten are called “the Bill of Rights”

55. Performance Task - Option 1 (See Rubric in Lesson Map)
C&E Unit 3: The Constitution: A Balance of Power Lesson One: Constitutional Principles & Fight for Ratification
Performance Task - Option 1
(See Rubric in Lesson Map)
Write (and then record or perform) a poem, song, cheer, or rap demonstrating your own ideas about the purpose of government. In other words, write your own version of a preamble to the Constitution.
15 minutes now to plan / write:
Make it your own:
Put it in your own words
What does America means to you?
what should it mean?
Here’s a rap as an example:
FINISH EARLY?
Work on Review Packet

56. C&E Unit 3: The Constitution: A Balance of Power Lesson One: Constitutional Principles & Fight for Ratification
Performance Task - Option 1
(See Rubric in Lesson Map)
Write (and then record or perform) a poem, song, cheer, or rap demonstrating your own ideas about the purpose of government. In other words, write your own version of a preamble to the Constitution.
Performance Task - Option 2
(See Rubric in Lesson Map)
For these students:
Federalists:
Royale, Monae, Guillermo, Samaj
Anti-Federalists:
Tahja, Shamar, Cam
Class Debate between Federalists & Anti-Federalists

57. go to: Kahoot.it

58. (See Rubric in Lesson Map)
C&E Unit 2: The Constitution: A Balance of Power Lesson One: Preamble & Structure of the Constitution
Performance Task
(See Rubric in Lesson Map)
Write (and then record or perform) a poem, song, cheer, or rap demonstrating your own ideas about the purpose of government. In other words, write your own version of a preamble to the Constitution.
15 minutes now to plan / write:
Make it your own:
Put it in your own words
What does America means to you?
what should it mean?
Here’s a rap as an example:
FINISH EARLY?
Work on Review Packet