1. What is Science?
Review
This slide show will present a question, followed by a slide with an acceptable answer.
For some questions, there is a definite correct answer. For other questions, several answers may be correct.

2. What is SCIENCE?
There are several correct answers to this question; list as many as you can.

3. What is SCIENCE? A way to answer questions & solve problems
How we understand the world around us
A way or process used to investigate what is happening around you
It provides possible answers

4. Practice Problem
Science differs from other disciplines, such as history and the arts, because science relies on
a. facts.
b. testing explanations.
c. observations.
d. theories.

5. Practice Problem
Science differs from other disciplines, such as history and the arts, because science relies on
a. facts.
b. testing explanations.
c. observations.
d. theories.

6. Practice Problem Which of the following is NOT a goal of science?
a.to investigate and understand the natural world
b.to explain events in the natural world
c.to establish a collection of unchanging truths
d.to use derived explanations to make useful predictions

7. Practice Problem
Which of the following is NOT a goal of science? a.to investigate and understand the natural world b.to explain events in the natural world c.to establish a collection of unchanging truths d.to use derived explanations to make useful predictions

8. What is the Scientific Method?

9. What is the scientific method?
A process that uses skills to gather, organize, analyze and communicate information
A general process, not set in stone

10. Define HYPOTHESIS

11. Define HYPOTHESIS
A statement that can be tested by conducting an experiment
Prior knowledge, new information, observations can be used to form a hypothesis

12. Describe VARIABLE

13. A part of an investigation that can be CHANGED
Describe VARIABLE
A part of an investigation that can be CHANGED

14. List the 3 TYPES OF VARIABLES

15. List the 3 TYPES OF VARIABLES
Independent Variable
Dependent Variable
Controlled Variable

16. Explain INDEPENDENT VARIABLE

17. Explain INDEPENDENT VARIABLE
The variable that can be changed during an experiment
The variable that the scientists chooses to change
The variable that may cause a change in the dependent variable

18. Explain DEPENDENT VARIABLE

19. Explain DEPENDENT VARIABLE
The factor that is being measured in an experiment
The variable that is measured by scientists
The variable that may change because of the independent variable

20. Explain CONTROLLED VARIABLE (CONSTANT)

21. Explain CONTROLLED VARIABLE (CONSTANT)
Variable that stays the same during an experiment
Variable that is controlled by the scientist
Variable that is not allowed to change

22. Explain how to RECORD DATA

23. Explain how to RECORD DATA
Data Tables
A way to record results and observations accurately
Have a descriptive title
Divided into columns & rows
Shows the independent variable
Provides a place to record the dependent variable

24. Describe how to ANALYZE DATA

25. Describe how to ANALYZE DATA
Reduce the data with the best measure of central tendency
Graph the data
Look for patterns and relations
Look at the shape of the graph

26. Practice Problem
In a laboratory report on the study of the effects of different fertilizers on the growth of marigolds, where would you MOST likely find a graph that shows how the variables are related?
Hypothesis
Procedure
Data
Conclusions

27. Practice Problem
In a laboratory report on the study of the effects of different fertilizers on the growth of marigolds, where would you MOST likely find a graph that shows how the variables are related?
Hypothesis
Procedure
Data
Conclusions

28. What do scientists do when they DRAW CONCLUSIONS?

29. What do scientists do when they DRAW CONCLUSIONS?
Answer the original question
State whether or not the hypothesis was supported (it is never “right” or “wrong”)
Pose questions for further research

30. Practice Problem
A research group has discovered that damselflies, a type of dragonfly, are being infected by a particular type of aquatic protozoan. Both young and adult damselflies are not directly infected by the protozoan but contract the infection from the prey they eat. The graph shows the percentage of adult damselflies infected by protozoans during the summer and early fall. 
Which of the following conclusions is supported by the graph? 
A. Infection in embanked ponds increased during the sampling period.
B. Protozoans were more common in creek-fed ponds than embanked ponds.
C. Protozoans reproduce more quickly in embanked ponds than creek-fed ponds.
D. Infection in creed-fed ponds remained constant throughout the sampling period.

31. Practice Problem
A research group has discovered that damselflies, a type of dragonfly, are being infected by a particular type of aquatic protozoan. Both young and adult damselflies are not directly infected by the protozoan but contract the infection from the prey they eat. The graph shows the percentage of adult damselflies infected by protozoans during the summer and early fall. 
Which of the following conclusions is supported by the graph? 
A. Infection in embanked ponds increased during the sampling period.
B. Protozoans were more common in creek-fed ponds than embanked ponds.
C. Protozoans reproduce more quickly in embanked ponds than creek-fed ponds.
D. Infection in creed-fed ponds remained constant throughout the sampling period.

32. Practice Problem
Carmen conducted an experiment to determine if listening to different types of music would affect a person’s pulse. Her hypothesis was that pulse rate would change with different types of music. Each person listened to seven different selections of music for 30 seconds each. Each person’s pulse was taken before the music and then after each 30-second interval of music. The pulses were taken again after the music selections were completed. Based on her experiment, Carmen concluded that a person’s pulse rate changed when the person listened to different types of music.
Which component is missing from Carmen’s experiment?
A. a question
B. a hypothesis
C. a control group
D. a description of the experiment

33. Practice Problem
Carmen conducted an experiment to determine if listening to different types of music would affect a person’s pulse. Her hypothesis was that pulse rate would change with different types of music. Each person listened to seven different selections of music for 30 seconds each. Each person’s pulse was taken before the music and then after each 30-second interval of music. The pulses were taken again after the music selections were completed. Based on her experiment, Carmen concluded that a person’s pulse rate changed when the person listened to different types of music.
Which component is missing from Carmen’s experiment?
A. a question
B. a hypothesis
C. a control group
D. a description of the experiment

34. What would be some exceptions to the scientific method?

35. What would be exceptions to the scientific method?
If experimentation would harm humans (exposing humans to carcinigens to test cancer treatments)
Observing animals in the wild (scientists don’t want to disrupt them with experimentation)

36. Why are REPEATED TRIALS necessary in an experiment?

37. Why are REPEATED TRIALS necessary in an experiment?
To make sure results are valid
The more trials conducted, the more likely the results are reliable
To make sure a “fluke” is not considered the true result

38. How do scientists COMMUNICATE the results of their work?

39. How do scientists COMMUNICATE the results of their work?
Reported in scientific journals
Science journals
Presentations to other scientists

40. Why is it important to communicate results of work?
To have scientist check methods
To have other scientists reproduce experiment for added support
To create new questions to research

41. Practice Problem
How does sharing ideas through peer-reviewed articles help advance science?
a. Peer-reviewed articles are published only when the ideas they contain have been accepted by most scientists.
b. Experiments in peer-reviewed articles do not need to be repeated.
c. Scientists reading the articles may come up with new questions to study.
d. Ideas in the articles always support and strengthen dominant theories.

42. Practice Problem
How does sharing ideas through peer-reviewed articles help advance science? a. Peer-reviewed articles are published only when the ideas they contain have been accepted by most scientists. b. Experiments in peer-reviewed articles do not need to be repeated. c. Scientists reading the articles may come up with new questions to study. d. Ideas in the articles always support and strengthen dominant theories.

43. Why do scientists use MODELS?

44. Why do scientists use models?
To predict outcomes
To explain phenominon on a different scale.

45. What is the difference in a hypothesis, theory and a law?

46. What is the difference in a Hypothesis, Theory and a Law?
A HYPOTHESIS is a testable educated guess
A THEORY is a TESTED EXPLANATION for a phenomena
Can be modified due to further experimentation
Combines multiple observations and proven hypothesis
A LAW is a DESCRIPTION of a phenomena
It does not explain WHY the phenomena happens
Will not change

47. Practice Problem How do scientific theories compare to hypotheses?
a. Theories are the same as hypotheses.
b. Theories unify a broad range of observations and hypotheses.
c. Hypotheses combine the ideas of several theories to explain events.
d. Hypotheses are the dominant view among scientists.

48. Practice Problem How do scientific theories compare to hypotheses?
a. Theories are the same as hypotheses.
b. Theories unify a broad range of observations and hypotheses.
c. Hypotheses combine the ideas of several theories to explain events.
d. Hypotheses are the dominant view among scientists.

49. Practice Problem A theory a. is always true.
b. is the opening statement of an experiment.
c. may be revised or replaced.
d. is a problem to be solved.

50. Practice Problem
A theory a. is always true. b. is the opening statement of an experiment. c. may be revised or replaced. d. is a problem to be solved.