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2. Intelligent Power Metering & Distribution System
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Overview
Facts
Challenges
Suggestions
AMR Demo
Advantages
Questions
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4. Facts about power distribution
The overall country’s distribution loss is estimated more than 20%
It is more than two times the distribution losses of developed countries
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3I Loss
Losses
Inherent
Ignorant
Intentional
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Ignorant Losses
Improper Use
Improper time
Improper load
Reactive Power
Unbalanced load
Peak hour
Surge current
Overload
Use high end equipment with 3 phase
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7. Ignorant Loss Myths & Realities
This section describes about the facts which are normally ignored.
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Myth - 1
The loss for EB would be same if we use three or single phase
Reality
Loading in a single phase, the losses can be 10 times more than in a balanced loading
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Myth - 2
I pay for what I consume
Reality
We are not aware that we are consuming reactive power for which EB is not charging. The reactive power is consumed by all rotating machines
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Myth - 3
I can use EB power at my convenience
Reality
Losses due to loading during peak hour,where already the system is operating at full load, will be substantially higher than at other times
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Myth 4
I can draw power as much as I want
Reality
Your connection has been designed for the specific maximum use. Crossing this threshold maximum creates phenomenal irrevocable damage to the system, apart from huge distribution losses.
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Myth 5
I prefer smaller powerful heater than large capacity Geyser.
Reality
Since the small Geyser draw phenomenal current causes surge current, the losses of this would be phenomenally higher.
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Myth 6
Eventually all the loads are balanced at EB end
Reality
It is only providence and wishful thinking that loads get balanced at EB end. But EB has no control/recourse to the usage. It is a good practise to use all the 3 phase power equally at all consumers ends. So the EB is not left to pray for their benefits.
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Inherent Losses
Basic & Avoidable Loss
Avoidable Loss
Feeder Loss
Substandard quality transformer
Overloading of transformer
Transformer Loss
Imbalance of transformer
Metering Loss
Lower oil level
Sub optimal transformer
Improper joining of junction boxes
Improper tapping of lines
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Intentional Losses
Theft & Power tapping
Improper Billing &
Collection
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Challenges
Timely billing and collection
Customer awareness & education
Distribution Improvement & Accountability
Planned Previous Maintenance
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Challenges Contd..
Cost Benefit Analysis for sectoral improvements
Planned Previous Maintenance
Customer financial participation
Selective load shedding, disconnection
Power inrush during power recovery
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18. Existing Set up/ Architecture
disconnect
If Consumer does not
Pay the bill, then
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Suggestion
Technical
Financial
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Technical Suggestion:
Intelligent Power Metering & Distribution System
Novel Digital Meter
Latest Communication Tech. (Cable Modem, Web, RF)
Central Computational Database (with full security)
Facilitating remote power connect / disconnet
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Display
(Measurement)
AMR Unit
Communication
& Control
Trip System/
Alarm
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web
web
Central Computer
Customer 1
Customer 2
“Distribution Analysis”
Distribution Computer
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Configuration
cable
Cable TV Operator
cable
Distribution Computer
Data Highway
wireless
Distribution Point
wireless
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How billing works?
Paid
Consumer
Central Computer
Bill
Disconnect
Connect
Distribution
Computer
Meter
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26. Intelligent Metering-SUM
AMR – Automatic Meter Reading Tech. Facilitates remote collection of consumption data
Modern Communication tech. used for data transfer (with full security)
SUM meter measures power consumption (kwh)
The meter measures voltage and current and calculates real time Kwh demand. This is done with current and voltage measuring circuitry, analog to digital conversion and digital signal processing
This information is measured per period time and the results are stored in solid state memory.
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27. AMR System – Core Functionalities
Retrieval of consumer’s consumption data
Connect to the Grid
Disconnect from the Grid
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28. Communication Technology
Cellular RF (Radio Frequency)
Cable Modem
Power Line Carrier
Low Power Radio Frequency Network
Telephone
Optic fibre
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Scope
Though we have suggested complete solution for the automation, demo focuses on technical feasibility to realise the proposed new architecture
In the live demo, data measurement and retrieval from meter is shown
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Live – AMR Demo
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Overview
ID 1
                
SMUD 0053
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CustomerID
SMUD0053
                        
Name
Dr. A.B.J Abdul Kalam
Address
Rashtrapathi Bhavan 
New Delhi 
Date of Commissioning
Tariff Group 1
Price per unit
2.50 
History
Month / Year
Units Consumed
Reactive Power Consumed
Amount
01 / 2003
990
123
2500
02 / 2003
1110
234
03 / 2003
880
345
04 / 2003
960
456
05 / 2003
1000
567
Back
Connect to Grid
Disconnect to Grid
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Consumer Unit Analysis
Active Power
Reactive Power
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Units consumed at Distribution Point
Units consumed at consumer side
Line loss
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35. Commercial Suggestion - 1
Charge for the following items also:
Peak hour
Reactive power consumption
Imbalance load
Overload & surge power
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36. Commercial Suggestion - 2
Encourage consumers to participate the EB development.
Inviting them to invest & rewarding them by monthly fax returns in billing.
Consumers should also be encouraged to use automatic collection centers/internet payments to avoid errors, delays in manual systems.
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Technical support
Training
Franchise
Technology update
Software and hardware maintenance
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Other benefits
Avoid inrush current during power recovery
Finance model
Fire alarm / protection
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What we propose
We would like to set up a pilot project integrating around thousand end users on real time basis.
Beta test of both the concept and system to run parallely with the existing manual system for a period of 3 to 6 months.
To prove the cost benefit analysis and to develop theoretical distribution modelling.
Willing to undertake the implementation of above in full scale after satisfactory demonstration as above.
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Advantages
Already well knit cable TV connection and infrastructure available
Create secondary financial model and education
To educate and impart knowledge about power savings and disciplined power usage
To bench mark, the performance levels on the real time basis & to monitor them
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Advantages Contd..
Bring accountability to the system
Consumer gets incentive for disciplined power usage
Throws open an investment opportunity
Online data collections & processing is to model the network after the distribution transformer stage.
This helps to learn the distribution pattern of every region.
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42. Questions & Suggestions
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