1. Six mark questions
A space probe landed on the surface of one of Jupiter’s moons. Scientists are very interested in Titan’s atmosphere because they think it may be similar to Earth’s early atmosphere. Describe and explain how the Earth’s atmosphere has changed. (6 marks)

3. Six mark questions
Limewater is used for detecting carbon dioxide, a substance that we hear lots about in the news with reference to its effect on global temperatures. Describe how we can make limewater in the laboratory. State the pieces of equipment needed at each stage and any relevant chemical reactions taking place. (6 marks)

5. Six mark questions
Chlorine gas was used as a weapon in the First World War. Describe the steps we would take in a laboratory to obtain chlorine gas and how we could prove that we have made it successfully. (6 marks)

7. Six mark questions
Metals are produced from their ores either by extraction using carbon or by electrolysis. State the reasons why people choose to recycle metal products and why others do not think that it is worthwhile. (6 marks)

9. Six mark questions
Ironbridge was the first bridge to be made out of cast iron in the UK. Bridges had previously been made out of wood, so this was far better.
Name three metals, their uses and why their properties suit them to this use.

11. Six mark questions
A big problem with iron is that it rusts in air, if you make it into stainless steel, it does not.
With reference to the arrangement of atoms in a metal, explain how we can make a soft metal stronger. Also give an example of a metal that we do this with.

12. Six mark questions

13. Describe how the bonding in ionic substances allow them to have high melting points and conduct electricity when dissolved.

14. Compare ionic and covalent bonding in terms of electrons.

15. Explain how the bonding in metals allows them to:
Be hard
Be flexible
Conduct electricity

16. Compare the reactivity and physical properties of group 1 with group 7.

17. Compare the structures and properties of diamond and graphite.

18. Compare thermosetting and thermosoftening polymers including:
How they are made
Their different properties
Uses

19. Describe all the steps needed to analyse a new blackcurrant drink against 3 known food colours.

20. Describe the main factors that can affect the yield of a reaction and explain what you could do to reduce these losses.

21. Explain the factors that influence the rate of a chemical reaction.

22. Use collision theory to explain how increasing the temperature of a reaction will affect its rate.

23. Hydrochloric acid reacts with calcium carbonate to produce calcium sulphate and carbon dioxide.
Design an experiment to determine if the concentration of hydrochloric acid will affect the rate of a reaction.

24. Compare and give some uses of exothermic and endothermic reactions.

25. Describe how you can electroplate a copper spoon
Describe how you can electroplate a copper spoon. Include a labelled diagram in your answer.

26. Describe the electrolysis of sodium chloride (NaOH) and give some uses of the products.

27. Compare the methods of obtain soluble and insoluble salts from a reaction between an acid and base.