1. Claire struggles to fit in at school, she doesn’t make friends easily and is often alone.

2. Barry is off to Australia for his daughters wedding, he really wants to be there to give her away but every time he thinks about getting on a plane he starts to panic, his heart starts racing & he feels sick. He’s not sure he’ll be able to go through with it.

3. David is the school bully, he often swears at his class mates and is physically violent towards them. He will kick and do karate chops on anyone who gets in his way.

4. Jonny & Nigel are playing happily when Jonny’s mum brings them both a drink in identical short fat transparent beakers. Jonny starts to cry because he wants his special glass. His mum tips the juice from the original beaker into Jonny’s tall and narrow special glass which becomes full to the brim. Now it is Nigel’s turn to cry “now he’s got more than me”, he wails

5. Strengths: Acknowledges how people change and develop over time
Helps us to understand the importance of childhood experience on adult behaviour
Allows childhood developmental disorders to be understood and treated
Uses a variety of research methods

6. Weaknesses Use of children in research raises many ethical concerns
Children may not always understand the procedure of experiments and researchers may make assumptions about why the child has acted a certain way as they can articulate their own explanations

7. Contributions to Psychology
Contributed to the work of educational psychologist
Criminology
Social development
Cognitive development

8. Methods Used: Observations Experiments
Case studies – detailed studies of one person or a small group
Longitudinal studies – research that is carried out over a long period of time

9. Contributions to Society
Psychodynamic therapy now widely used to treat patients
Education – improving teaching and childcare
Treating children with developmental disorders

10. Nature vs. Nurture
The developmental approach acknowledges the strengths of both nature and nurture – some stages of development are invariant whilst others are maturational and change depending on the environment

11. Samuel & Bryant (1983) ‘Asking only one question in the conservation experiment’

12. Bandura (1961) ‘Transmission of aggression through imitation of aggressive models’

13. Freud (1909) ‘Analysis of a phobia in a five year old boy’