1. Guidelines for the Older Adult With CKD
Katrin Uhlig, MD, MS 
American Journal of Kidney Diseases 
Volume 58, Issue 2, Pages (August 2011)
DOI: /j.ajkd
Copyright © 2011 National Kidney Foundation, Inc. Terms and Conditions

2. Figure 1
Disease models increase in complexity with increasing numbers of disease conditions, treatments, and outcomes considered, such as in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) or of older age. Circles indicate diseases, rectangles indicate outcomes, and rounded rectangles indicate treatments. Disease model for treatment of (A) hypertension (HTN) without CKD or other comorbid conditions. Disease models for treatment of (B) HTN in patients with CKD; (C) patients with CKD and a cluster of additional common comorbid conditions: HTN, diabetes mellitus (DM), congestive heart failure (CHF), and cardiovascular disease (CVD); (D) patients with CKD and a cluster of geriatric syndromes: functional disability, frailty, and polypharmacy; and (E) older patients with CKD and clusters of common comorbid conditions, as well as geriatric syndromes (the overlap of C and D). Abbreviations: BP, blood pressure; QOL, quality of life.
American Journal of Kidney Diseases  , DOI: ( /j.ajkd )
Copyright © 2011 National Kidney Foundation, Inc. Terms and Conditions