1. The summary Chicken & Egg argument
Thinking & Language
The summary
Chicken & Egg argument

2. Language influences thinking
Linguistic determinism (Whorf, 1956) – language determines what we think
Language also teaches culture
Use of pronouns influences our mental concept
Immersion study in Canada

3. Thinking in images Procedural memory often in images
Mental rehearsal has been shown to affect performance
Cyclical process of language and thought

4. Animal thinking & language
Does Fido think and speak?

5. Animals, Cognition, & Language
Do animals think
Concepts, insight, use of tools, cultural innovations, theory of mind (reasoning, self-recognition, empathy, imitation)
Do animals exhibit language
Animals do exhibit comprehension & communication
React to their own sounds and human sounds