1. Introduction Welcome to the virtual lab simulation of a common qualitative analysis lab. The goal of this lab will be to identify several unknown chemicals based on their reactive properties with other chemicals. In this first part of the lab you will observe what happens when you mix a number of known chemicals together. You will then create a list of observations that will allow you to determine the identity of your unknown chemicals in the second portion of the lab. Keep good notes on the color of the solutions that are formed and also the precipitates that you observe. Keep in mind solubility rules and ion charges to create an accurate picture of what is happening in each reaction.

2. Helpful Hints If a precipitate forms, use the solubility rules to identify the precipitate. You will be required to write out the total and net ionic equations for every precipitate that forms in both this and the next part of the lab. Remember that each of the chemicals that you are combining contain both a cation and an anion so you will end up with two new products. You must identify the complete compound (cation and anion) present in each unknown in the second part of the lab. Look at the animation below to understand what is happening when you react two compounds together. Using this general concept, you will be able to figure out what products are formed in each reaction. ++--Click here to show animation

3. Molecules involved Pb 2+ Ba 2+ Ag + Cu 2+ Co 2+ Fe 3+ Mg 2+ Na 2+ Li+ NO 3 - SO 4 2- Cl - OH - Every compound you will use will contain both an anion and a cation from those shown on this page. The solubility of each compound can be determined using the solubility rules on the next page. The colors of each ion will help you to identify them, the colors of the ions on this page correspond to the color of each ion in solution.

4. Solubility Rules Nitrates – Always Soluble Chlorides – Soluble; Exceptions: Ag +, Hg 2 2+, Pb 2+ Hydroxides – Insoluble; Exceptions: Alkali Metals, Ba 2+ Sulfates – Soluble; Exceptions: Ba 2+, Pb 2+, Ag + Below you will find solubility information for the chemicals that you will be using in this lab: Note: The solubility rules are far more complex and inclusive than what you are shown and can be found in your textbook on page 447.

5. Flame Tests One way in which we can identify the presence of a metal in a an unknown solution is by carrying out a flame test. – A loop made out of nichrome wire is used to collect a small amount of the unknown. The wire is then inserted in a flame and the color of the flame is observed. The color of the flame can identify an element that is present. Click here to see a table of flame colors. here Click here to show animation

6. BariumYellow-Green SodiumYellow CopperBlue-Green LithiumRed LeadPale Blue Flame Test Color Reference

7. Problem Solving Strategy You will need to develop an effective strategy to identify your unknowns. Answer the following questions to demonstrate your understanding. In the first part of the lab you should be able to predict whether a reaction between two products will produce a precipitate before you carry out the reaction. How will you know this? a.) because I googled it b.) because I looked at the solubility rules and determined the solubility of each of the new products formed c.) because every combination of reactants in this experiment will result in a precipitate. Incorrect: Google is a very handy tool, but it is much better to use your own chemical knowledge. Click close to try again X CloseIncorrect: Not all of the reactions in this lab will form precipitates. Refer to the solubility rules. Click close to try again X Close Correct: The solubility rules will aid you in determining which reactions will form precipitates. Click close to continue X Close

8. Problem Solving Strategy You will need to develop an effective strategy to identify your unknowns. Answer the following questions to demonstrate your understanding. A compound containing OH- and any anion except _______ will produce a precipitate. Therefore, it will be easy to narrow down the identity of your unknown if it does not form a precipitate with a compound containing OH a.)Li + and Fe 3+ b.)Li + and Na + c.) Ba 2+, Ag + Incorrect: Fe 3+ will form a precipitate Click close to try again X Close Incorrect: Ba 2+ and Ag + will form precipitates Click close to try again X CloseCorrect: Per the solubility rules, the only cations that will not form a precipitate with OH- are Li + and Na + Click close to continue X Close

9. Problem Solving Strategy You will need to develop an effective strategy to identify your unknowns. Answer the following questions to demonstrate your understanding. A flame test can be used to identify the presence of several different _______ by the color of the flame. Once you have done so, the solubility rules can be used to identify the _______. a.) Cations, anion b.) Anions, cation c.) Solubility Correct Click close to continue X Close Incorrect: This answer is incorrect, a flame test tells us nothing about the solubility of an unknown directly. Click close to try again X CloseIncorrect: Incorrect, a flame test can be used in this experiment to identify cations Click close to try again X Close

10. Problem Solving Strategy You will need to develop an effective strategy to identify your unknowns. Answer the following questions to demonstrate your understanding. The presence of some compounds can be determined by the color of the solution. Which of the following compounds are correctly matched with their corresponding color in solution? a.) Iron- Red/Orange, Cobalt-Pink, Copper-Blue b.) Iron- Red/Orange, Cobalt- blue, Copper-blue c.) Barium-Yellow, Iron- Red/Orange, Cobalt-Pink Correct Click close to continue X Close Incorrect: This answer is incorrect, Re-examine both Iron and Cobalt Click close to try again X CloseIncorrect: Incorrect, take another look at barium Click close to try again X Close

11. Your Turn Now it is your turn to explore the reactive properties of the 9 different chemicals in this experiment. You may mix any combination of chemicals together as many times as you need to prepare yourself for the second portion of the lab. Use the problem solving strategies outlined previously and dont forget to keep good notes of all of the reactive properties you observe.

12. Mg(NO 3 ) 2 NaSO 4 CuSO 4 Fe(NO 3 ) 3 Click on one of the above reagents to mix it with another reagent or click on the flame test button to see the results of a flame test using that solution. Keep careful notes of what reagents you are mixing and the results of each reaction. You will use this information in the second part of this lab. AgNO 3 Pb(NO 3 ) 2 LiOHBaCl 2 CoSO 4 Flame test

13. AgNO 3 Pb(NO 3 ) 2 LiOHBaCl 2 CoSO 4 Mg(NO 3 ) 2 NaSO 4 CuSO 4 Fe(NO 3 ) 3 Choose which chemical you want to mix with Fe(NO 3 ) 3 and click on it to see the results. Click back to return to main selection page

14. Fe(NO 3 ) 3 AgNO 3 Yield: brownish/red solution; no precipitate Click back to return to selection page

15. Fe(NO 3 ) 3 Pb(NO 3 ) 2 Yield: brownish/red solution; no precipitate Click back to return to selection page

16. Fe(NO 3 ) 3 BaCl 2 Yield: brownish/red solution; no precipitate Click back to return to selection page

17. Fe(NO 3 ) 3 CoSO 4 Yield: salmon solution; no precipitate Click back to return to selection page

18. Fe(NO 3 ) 3 LiOH Yield: clear solution; rust colored precipitate Click back to return to selection page Woah! A precipitate has formed. Write the complete ionic equation and the net ionic equation of the reaction in your notebook. Be sure to pay attention to charges! Click close to return X Close

19. Fe(NO 3 ) 3 Mg(NO 3 ) 2 Yield: brownish/red solution; no precipitate Click back to return to selection page

20. Fe(NO 3 ) 3 NaSO 4 Yield: brownish/red solution; no precipitate Click back to return to selection page

21. Fe(NO 3 ) 3 AlCl 3 Yield: brownish/red solution; no precipitate Click back to return to selection page

22. Fe(NO 3 ) 3 CuSO 4 Yield: brown solution; no precipitate Click back to return to selection page

23. AgNO 3 Pb(NO 3 ) 2 LiOHBaCl 2 CoSO 4 Mg(NO 3 ) 2 NaSO 4 Fe(NO 3 ) 3 CuSO 4 Choose which chemical you want to mix with CuSO 4 and click on it to see the results. Click back to return to main selection page

24. CuSO 4 AgNO 3 Yield: blue solution; white precipitate Click back to return to selection page Woah! A precipitate has formed. Write the complete ionic equation and the net ionic equation of the reaction in your notebook. Be sure to pay attention to charges! Click close to return X Close

25. CuSO 4 Pb(NO 3 ) 2 Yield: blue solution; white precipitate Click back to return to selection page Woah! A precipitate has formed. Write the complete ionic equation and the net ionic equation of the reaction in your notebook. Be sure to pay attention to charges! Click close to return X Close

26. CuSO 4 LiOH Yield: clear solution; blue/green precipitate Click back to return to selection page Woah! A precipitate has formed. Write the complete ionic equation and the net ionic equation of the reaction in your notebook. Be sure to pay attention to charges! Click close to return X Close

27. CuSO 4 BaCl 2 Yield: blue solution; white precipitate Click back to return to selection page Woah! A precipitate has formed. Write the complete ionic equation and the net ionic equation of the reaction in your notebook. Be sure to pay attention to charges! Click close to return X Close

28. CuSO 4 CoSO 4 Yield: purple solution; no precipitate Click back to return to selection page

29. CuSO 4 Mg(NO 3 ) 2 Yield: blue solution; no precipitate Click back to return to selection page

30. CuSO 4 NaSO 4 Yield: blue solution; no precipitate Click back to return to selection page

31. CuSO 4 AlCl 3 Yield: blue solution; no precipitate Click back to return to selection page

32. CuSO 4 Fe(NO 3 ) 3 Yield: brown solution; no precipitate Click back to return to selection page

33. AgNO 3 Pb(NO 3 ) 2 LiOHBaCl 2 CoSO 4 Mg(NO 3 ) 2 CuSO 4 Fe(NO 3 ) 3 NaSO 4 Choose which chemical you want to mix with NaSO 4 and click on it to see the results. Click back to return to main selection page

34. Na(SO 4 ) AgNO 3 Yield: clear solution; white precipitate Click back to return to selection page Woah! A precipitate has formed. Write the complete ionic equation and the net ionic equation of the reaction in your notebook. Be sure to pay attention to charges! Click close to return X Close

35. Na(SO 4 ) Pb(NO 3 ) 2 Yield: clear solution; white precipitate Click back to return to selection page Woah! A precipitate has formed. Write the complete ionic equation and the net ionic equation of the reaction in your notebook. Be sure to pay attention to charges! Click close to return X Close

36. Na(SO 4 ) LiOH Yield: clear solution; no precipitate Click back to return to selection page

37. Na(SO 4 ) BaCl 2 Yield: clear solution; white precipitate Click back to return to selection page Woah! A precipitate has formed. Write the complete ionic equation and the net ionic equation of the reaction in your notebook. Be sure to pay attention to charges! Click close to return X Close

38. Na(SO 4 ) CoSO 4 Yield: pink solution; no precipitate Click back to return to selection page

39. Na(SO 4 ) Mg(NO 3 ) 2 Yield: clear solution; no precipitate Click back to return to selection page

40. Na(SO 4 ) AlCl 3 Yield: clear solution; no precipitate Click back to return to selection page

41. Na(SO 4 ) CuSO 4 Yield: blue solution; no precipitate Click back to return to selection page

42. Na(SO 4 ) Fe(NO 3 ) 3 Yield: brownish red solution; no precipitate Click back to return to selection page

43. AgNO 3 Pb(NO 3 ) 2 LiOHBaCl 2 CoSO 4 NaSO 4 CuSO 4 Fe(NO 3 ) 3 Mg(NO 3 ) 2 Choose which chemical you want to mix with Mg(NO 3 ) 2 and click on it to see the results. Click back to return to main selection page

44. Mg(NO 3 ) 2 AgNO 3 Yield: clear solution; no precipitate Click back to return to selection page

45. Mg(NO 3 ) 2 Pb(NO 3 ) 2 Yield: clear solution; no precipitate Click back to return to selection page

46. Mg(NO 3 ) 2 LiOH Yield: clear solution; white precipitate Click back to return to selection page Woah! A precipitate has formed. Write the complete ionic equation and the net ionic equation of the reaction in your notebook. Be sure to pay attention to charges! Click close to return X Close

47. Mg(NO 3 ) 2 BaCl 2 Yield: clear solution; no precipitate Click back to return to selection page

48. CoSO 4 Yield: pink solution; no precipitate Click back to return to selection page Mg(NO 3 ) 2

49. NaSO 4 Yield: clear solution; no precipitate Click back to return to selection page

50. Mg(NO 3 ) 2 AlCl 3 Yield: clear solution; no precipitate Click back to return to selection page

51. CuSO 4 Yield: blue solution; no precipitate Click back to return to selection page Mg(NO 3 ) 2

52. Fe(NO 3 ) 3 Yield: brownish/red solution; no precipitate Click back to return to selection page Mg(NO 3 ) 2

53. AgNO 3 Pb(NO 3 ) 2 LiOHBaCl 2 Mg(NO 3 ) 2 NaSO 4 CuSO 4 Fe(NO 3 ) 3 CoSO 4 Choose which chemical you want to mix with CoSO 4 and click on it to see the results. Click back to return to main selection page

54. CoSO 4 AgNO 3 Yield: light pink solution; white precipitate Click back to return to selection page Woah! A precipitate has formed. Write the complete ionic equation and the net ionic equation of the reaction in your notebook. Be sure to pay attention to charges! Click close to return X Close

55. CoSO 4 Pb(NO 3 ) 2 Yield: light pink solution; white precipitate Click back to return to selection page Woah! A precipitate has formed. Write the complete ionic equation and the net ionic equation of the reaction in your notebook. Be sure to pay attention to charges! Click close to return X Close

56. CoSO 4 LiOH Yield: clear solution; no precipitate Click back to return to selection page Woah! A precipitate has formed. Write the complete ionic equation and the net ionic equation of the reaction in your notebook. Be sure to pay attention to charges! Click close to return X Close

57. CoSO 4 BaCl 2 Yield: light pink solution; white precipitate Click back to return to selection page Woah! A precipitate has formed. Write the complete ionic equation and the net ionic equation of the reaction in your notebook. Be sure to pay attention to charges! Click close to return X Close

58. CoSO 4 Mg(NO 3 ) 2 Yield: light pink solution; no precipitate Click back to return to selection page

59. CoSO 4 NaSO 4 Yield: light pink solution; no precipitate Click back to return to selection page

60. CoSO 4 AlCl 3 Yield: light pink solution; no precipitate Click back to return to selection page

61. CoSO 4 CuSO 4 Yield: purple solution; no precipitate Click back to return to selection page

62. CoSO 4 Fe(NO 3 ) 3 Yield: salmon colored solution; no precipitate Click back to return to selection page

63. AgNO 3 Pb(NO 3 ) 2 LiOHCoSO 4 Mg(NO 3 ) 2 NaSO 4 CuSO 4 Fe(NO 3 ) 3 BaCl 2 Choose which chemical you want to mix with ZnCl 2 and click on it to see the results. Click back to return to main selection page

64. AgNO 3 Yield: clear solution; white precipitate Click back to return to selection page BaCl 2 Woah! A precipitate has formed. Write the complete ionic equation and the net ionic equation of the reaction in your notebook. Be sure to pay attention to charges! Click close to return X Close

65. Pb(NO 3 ) 2 Yield: clear solution; white precipitate Click back to return to selection page BaCl 2 Woah! A precipitate has formed. Write the complete ionic equation and the net ionic equation of the reaction in your notebook. Be sure to pay attention to charges! Click close to return X Close

66. LiOH Yield: clear solution; white precipitate Click back to return to selection page BaCl 2 Woah! A precipitate has formed. Write the complete ionic equation and the net ionic equation of the reaction in your notebook. Be sure to pay attention to charges! Click close to return X Close

67. CoSO 4 Yield: light pink solution; white precipitate Click back to return to selection page BaCl 2 Woah! A precipitate has formed. Write the complete ionic equation and the net ionic equation of the reaction in your notebook. Be sure to pay attention to charges! Click close to return X Close

68. Mg(NO 3 ) 2 Yield: clear solution; no precipitate Click back to return to selection page BaCl 2

69. NaSO 4 Yield: clear solution; white precipitate Click back to return to selection page BaCl 2 Woah! A precipitate has formed. Write the complete ionic equation of the reaction in your notebook. Be sure to pay attention to valence! Click close to return X Close

70. AlCl 3 Yield: clear solution; no precipitate Click back to return to selection page BaCl 2

71. CuSO 4 Yield: blue solution; white precipitate Click back to return to selection page BaCl 2 Woah! A precipitate has formed. Write the complete ionic equation and the net ionic equation of the reaction in your notebook. Be sure to pay attention to charges! Click close to return X Close

72. Fe(NO 3 ) 3 Yield: brownish/red solution; no precipitate Click back to return to selection page BaCl 2

73. AgNO 3 Pb(NO 3 ) 2 BaCl 2 CoSO 4 Mg(NO 3 ) 2 NaSO 4 CuSO 4 Fe(NO 3 ) 3 LiOH Choose which chemical you want to mix with LiOH and click on it to see the results. Click back to return to main selection page

74. LiOH AgNO 3 Yield: clear solution; black/brown precipitate Click back to return to selection page

75. LiOH Pb(NO 3 ) 2 Yield: clear solution; white precipitate Click back to return to selection page Woah! A precipitate has formed. Write the complete ionic equation and the net ionic equation of the reaction in your notebook. Be sure to pay attention to charges! Click close to return X Close

76. BaCl 2 Yield: clear solution; white precipitate Click back to return to selection page LiOH Woah! A precipitate has formed. Write the complete ionic equation and the net ionic equation of the reaction in your notebook. Be sure to pay attention to charges! Click close to return X Close

77. CoSO 4 Yield: clear solution; rose/red precipitate Click back to return to selection page LiOH Woah! A precipitate has formed. Write the complete ionic equation and the net ionic equation of the reaction in your notebook. Be sure to pay attention to charges! Click close to return X Close

78. Mg(NO 3 ) 2 Yield: clear solution; white precipitate Click back to return to selection page LiOH Woah! A precipitate has formed. Write the complete ionic equation and the net ionic equation of the reaction in your notebook. Be sure to pay attention to charges! Click close to return X Close

79. NaSO 4 Yield: clear solution; no precipitate Click back to return to selection page LiOH

80. AlCl 3 Yield: clear solution; white precipitate Click back to return to selection page LiOH Woah! A precipitate has formed. Write the complete ionic equation and the net ionic equation of the reaction in your notebook. Be sure to pay attention to charges! Click close to return X Close

81. CuSO 4 Yield: clear solution; blue/green precipitate Click back to return to selection page LiOH Woah! A precipitate has formed. Write the complete ionic equation and the net ionic equation of the reaction in your notebook. Be sure to pay attention to charges! Click close to return X Close

82. Fe(NO 3 ) 3 Yield: clear solution; rust colored precipitate Click back to return to selection page LiOH Woah! A precipitate has formed. Write the complete ionic equation and the net ionic equation of the reaction in your notebook. Be sure to pay attention to charges! Click close to return X Close

83. AgNO 3 LiOHBaCl 2 CoSO 4 Mg(NO 3 ) 2 NaSO 4 CuSO 4 Fe(NO 3 ) 3 Pb(NO 3 ) 2 Choose which chemical you want to mix with Pb(NO 3 ) 2 and click on it to see the results. Click back to return to main selection page

84. AgNO 3 Yield: clear solution; no precipitate Click back to return to selection page Pb(NO 3 ) 2

85. LiOH Yield: clear solution; white precipitate Click back to return to selection page Pb(NO 3 ) 2 Woah! A precipitate has formed. Write the complete ionic equation and the net ionic equation of the reaction in your notebook. Be sure to pay attention to charges! Click close to return X Close

86. BaCl 2 Yield: clear solution; white precipitate Click back to return to selection page Pb(NO 3 ) 2 Woah! A precipitate has formed. Write the complete ionic equation and the net ionic equation of the reaction in your notebook. Be sure to pay attention to charges! Click close to return X Close

87. CoSO 4 Yield: light pink solution; white precipitate Click back to return to selection page Pb(NO 3 ) 2 Woah! A precipitate has formed. Write the complete ionic equation and the net ionic equation of the reaction in your notebook. Be sure to pay attention to charges! Click close to return X Close

88. Mg(NO 3 ) 2 Yield: clear solution; no precipitate Click back to return to selection page Pb(NO 3 ) 2

89. NaSO 4 Yield: clear solution; white precipitate Click back to return to selection page Pb(NO 3 ) 2 Woah! A precipitate has formed. Write the complete ionic equation and the net ionic equation of the reaction in your notebook. Be sure to pay attention to charges! Click close to return X Close

90. AlCl 3 Yield: clear solution; white precipitate Click back to return to selection page Pb(NO 3 ) 2 Woah! A precipitate has formed. Write the complete ionic equation and the net ionic equation of the reaction in your notebook. Be sure to pay attention to charges! Click close to return X Close

91. CuSO 4 Yield: blue solution; white precipitate Click back to return to selection page Pb(NO 3 ) 2 Woah! A precipitate has formed. Write the complete ionic equation and the net ionic equation of the reaction in your notebook. Be sure to pay attention to charges! Click close to return X Close

92. Fe(NO 3 ) 3 Yield: brownish/red solution; no precipitate Click back to return to selection page Pb(NO 3 ) 2

93. Pb(NO 3 ) 2 LiOHBaCl 2 CoSO 4 Mg(NO 3 ) 2 NaSO 4 CuSO 4 Fe(NO 3 ) 3 AgNO 3 Choose which chemical you want to mix with AgNO 3 and click on it to see the results. Click back to return to main selection page

94. Pb(NO 3 ) 2 Yield: clear solution; no precipitate Click back to return to selection page Ag(NO 3 )

95. LiOH Yield: clear solution; black/brown precipitate Click back to return to selection page Ag(NO 3 )

96. BaCl 2 Yield: clear solution; white precipitate Click back to return to selection page Ag(NO 3 ) Woah! A precipitate has formed. Write the complete ionic equation and the net ionic equation of the reaction in your notebook. Be sure to pay attention to charges! Click close to return X Close

97. CoCl 2 Yield: light pink solution; white precipitate Click back to return to selection page Ag(NO 3 ) Woah! A precipitate has formed. Write the complete ionic equation and the net ionic equation of the reaction in your notebook. Be sure to pay attention to charges! Click close to return X Close

98. Mg(NO 3 ) 2 Yield: clear solution; no precipitate Click back to return to selection page Ag(NO 3 )

99. NaSO 4 Yield: clear solution; white precipitate Click back to return to selection page Ag(NO 3 ) Woah! A precipitate has formed. Write the complete ionic equation and the net ionic equation of the reaction in your notebook. Be sure to pay attention to charges! Click close to return X Close

100. AlCl 3 Yield: clear solution; white precipitate Click back to return to selection page Ag(NO 3 ) Woah! A precipitate has formed. Write the complete ionic equation and the net ionic equation of the reaction in your notebook. Be sure to pay attention to charges! Click close to return X Close

101. CuSO 4 Yield: blue solution; white precipitate Click back to return to selection page Ag(NO 3 ) Woah! A precipitate has formed. Write the complete ionic equation and the net ionic equation of the reaction in your notebook. Be sure to pay attention to charges! Click close to return X Close

102. Fe(NO 3 ) 3 Yield: brownish/red solution; no precipitate Click back to return to selection page Ag(NO 3 )