1. 1.1 – Biological Macromolecules
Unit 1 - Biochemistry
1.1 – Biological Macromolecules

2. Warm-up
What is an atom? Define and draw a model.

3. Molecules Groups of atoms bonded together
Macromolecule (macro = big) – a large molecule formed by bonding smaller molecules together
Also called Polymer (poly = many and meros = part)

4. Biological Polymers (macromolecules)
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acids

5. Carbohydrates (Carbs)
Carbs are sugars (saccharides)! Complex or Simple
Used for (short-term) ENERGY!
Made of C, H, and O (CH2O)n
n= the number of carb monomers (single molecule) in a chain
A chain of 3-7 are monosaccharides (simple sugars) such as glucose (-ose means sugar)
Two monosaccharides linked together make a disaccharide (sucrose, lactose)
More monosaccharides linked together makes a polysaccharide (glycogen) and are complex sugars

8. Lipids (FAT! YUM) Mostly C, O, and some H Oil, fat, wax
Stores ENERGY! (long-term)
Triglyceride is solid at room temp
Oil is liquid at room temp
Hydrophobic = won’t dissolve in
water

9. Polarity - Why won’t oil and water mix?
Oxygen has more positive protons than Hydrogen
Electrons in H spend more time near the bigger, more positive O
Makes O more negatively charged in the molecule
This creates a polar molecule
Not all molecules are polar
Polar molecules only mix with other polar molecules

10. Saturated and Unsaturated
It depends on the tail!
Saturated has all H spots filled – no room for more
Unsaturated has empty spots for H so it has a double C bond causing a kink in the tail
Polyunsaturated has many double bonds causing a ‘kinky tail’

12. Phospholipid
Makes up cell membrane
Serves as a barrier

13. Steroids Aren’t just drugs to get swol – they’re important for us all!
Includes cholesterol and some hormones

14. Proteins
Made up of compounds called amino acids (C,N,O,H, and sometimes S) – the building blocks of proteins
All depends on who the central C bonds with
20 different possibilities of amino acids
Amino acids combine to form over 10,000 different proteins
Makes up about 15% of your body mass
Muscles, skin, hair, nails, and more are all made of proteins
Transport substances in and between cells

16. Nucleic Acids
Complex macromolecules that store or transmit genetic information
DNA and RNA
Made of repeating Nucleotides (C,N,O,P,H)
Nucleotides are made of 3 monomers:
Phosphate group
Nitrogenous base
Ribose sugar

18. Why is this an inaccurate picture of nutrition?