1. Growth and Development
Section 3
Growth and Development
Bellringer
Name the stages of physical development that you have gone through in your life so far. What are the next few stages of development that you will go through? List some physical and social changes that will happen during these next stages.
Record your thoughts in your science binder.
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2. The Male Reproductive System
Section 2
Human Reproduction
The Male Reproductive System
Sperm Production The male reproductive system, shown on the next slide, produces sperm and delivers it to the female reproductive system. The testes are a pair of organs that make sperm and testosterone. Testosterone is the main male sex hormone.
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3. The Male Reproductive System
Section 2
The Male Reproductive System
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4. The Female Reproductive System
Section 2
Human Reproduction
The Female Reproductive System
The Egg’s Journey The female reproductive system produces eggs, nurtures fertilized eggs (zygotes), and gives birth. During ovulation, an egg is released from an ovary and passes into a fallopian tube. If the egg is fertilized, the resulting zygote enters the uterus.
Menstrual Cycle The first day of menstruation, the monthly discharge of blood and tissue from the uterus, is counted as the first day of the menstrual cycle. When menstruation ends, the lining of the uterus thickens. Ovulation occurs on about the 14th day of the cycle.
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5. The Female Reproductive System
Section 2
The Female Reproductive System
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6. Human Reproduction Multiple Births Section 2
Twins, Triplets, Quadruplets, and More In every 1,000 births, there are about 30 sets of twins. In the United States, there are about two sets of triplets in every 1,000 births. Births of quintuplets or more happen only once in about 53,000 births.
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7. Reproductive System Problems
Section 2
Human Reproduction
Reproductive System Problems
STDs Chlamydia, herpes, and hepatitis B are common sexually transmitted diseases. A sexually transmitted disease, or STD, is a disease that can pass from one person to another during sexual contact.
Cancer Sometimes, cancer happens in reproductive organs. Cancer is a disease in which cells grow at an uncontrolled rate.
Infertility In the United States, about 15% of married couples have difficulty producing offspring. Many of these couples are infertile, or unable to have children.
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8. Growth and Development
Section 3
Growth and Development
From Fertilization to Embryo
Development of an Embryo A fertilized egg (zygote) travels down the fallopian tube toward the uterus. Eleven to 12 days after fertilization, the zygote has become a tiny ball of cells called an embryo. The embryo implants itself in the uterus.
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9. Growth and Development
Section 3
Growth and Development
From Embryo to Fetus
Weeks 1 and 2 Doctors commonly count the time of a woman’s pregnancy as starting from the first day of her last menstrual period.
Weeks 3 and 4 In week 3, after fertilization, the zygote moves to the uterus. At the end of week 4, implantation is complete and the woman is pregnant.
Weeks 5 to 8 In this stage, the embryo becomes surrounded by a thin membrane called the amnion. The heart, brain, other organs, and blood vessels start to form.
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10. Growth and Development
Section 3
Growth and Development
From Embryo to Fetus continued
Weeks 9 to 16 At week 9, the fetus may begin to make tiny movements. The fetus grows rapidly during this stage. It doubles, and then triples, its size within a month.
Weeks 17 to 24 By week 17, the fetus can make faces. By week 23, the fetus’s movements may be quite vigorous!
Weeks 25 to 36 At about 25 or 26 weeks, the fetus’s lungs are well developed. By the 32nd week, the fetus’s eyes are open and perceive light through the mother’s abdominal wall.
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11. Growth and Development
Section 3
Growth and Development
Birth
Labor Typically, as birth begins, the mother’s uterus begins a series of muscular contractions called labor. Usually, these contractions push the fetus through the mother’s vagina, and the baby is born.
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12. Growth and Development
Section 3
Growth and Development
From Birth to Death
Infancy to Childhood Generally, infancy is the stage from birth to age 2. Childhood—another period of fast growth—lasts from age 2 to puberty.
Adolescence The stage from puberty to adulthood is adolescence. During puberty, a person’s reproductive system becomes mature.
Adulthood From about age 20 to age 40, you will be a young adult. Beginning around age 30, changes associated with aging begin. The aging process continues in middle age (between 40 and 65 years old).
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13. Reproductions and Development
Chapter 26
Reproductions and Development
Concept Map
Use the following terms to complete a concept map: fragmentation, reproduction, sexual reproduction, internal fertilization, an embryo, zygote, egg, budding, asexual reproduction.
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