1. Vascular medicine and surgery in ancient Egypt
Justin Barr, MPhil 
Journal of Vascular Surgery 
Volume 60, Issue 1, Pages (July 2014)
DOI: /j.jvs
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2. Fig 1
Column from the Edwin Smith Papyrus displaying the hieratic script. Case 33, toward the bottom, presents a sternoclavicular dislocation and describes two vessels in the upper chest carrying blood to the respiratory tract.
Source:
Journal of Vascular Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.jvs )
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3. Fig 2
The only definitive image of Egyptian surgery remaining depicts a circumcision.
Source: Wash JJ. First pictures of surgical operations extant. JAMA 1907;xlix:
Journal of Vascular Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.jvs )
Copyright © 2014 Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

4. Fig 3
Hieroglyph for mtw, or vessel, rendered by Wa Liu. The erect phallus has phonetic, not symbolic significance.
Journal of Vascular Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.jvs )
Copyright © 2014 Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions