1. Unit 9: The Civil War & Reconstruction - The North vs. The South

2. Bell Ringer:
Why did South Carolina secede from the Union?
Eventually South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas would be the first to create/form what?

3. Advantages, Strategies, and Early Battles
Confederate States of America
Southern states (11) form their own country
Jefferson Davis is elected president

4. Lincoln takes office…
March
Lincolns original war aim was to save the union….not free the slaves.
“No state, upon its own mere action, can lawfully get out of the Union… There would be no war unless the South started it.”

5. Advantages, Strategies, and Early Battles
› Fort Sumter, April 1861
located in Charleston SC
problem: Union troops running out of supplies
Lincoln promises not to attack just wants to send them food
S.C. suspicious, no trust
Confederate troops fire on the fort
Start of the civil war
Lasted 34 hours, no casualities
Confederates win and take over a union fort

7. Advantages, Strategies, and Early Battles
Lincoln reacts…
called for 75,000 volunteers to serve in Union Army
created Border States: controlled by the union, but had slaves
Maryland, Delaware, Kentucky, Missouri, W. VA
allowed slavery in these states to keep control of them

8. Advantages, Strategies, and Early Battles
› To make sure Lincoln kept the border states, he replaced gov’t officials and put some in jail
Lincoln suspended writ of habeas corpus in the border states
must have a reason to be kept in jail… not now
Also declared martial law,
- Gave the Union military forces the authority to arrest persons and conduct trials.

10. Advantages, Strategies, and Early Battles
› North
› Pop: 22 million
› Fighting men: 4 million
› States: 23
›South
› Pop: 9 million (3.5 slaves)
› Fighting men: 1.5 million
› States: 11

12. Factories/Industries
North
South
Population
22 million (immigrants)
*fighting army 4million
9 million (3.5 mill slaves)
*fighting army 1.5 million
Naval Officers
75%
3/4ths navy men live in North all but 1 shipyard belong North
Strong Naval tradition
25%
Sailors
100%
Owned ALL merchant ships
In the beginning…no navy…later in war build one
Military officers
313
Only 1 military academy
690
about 7 military academies
Factories/Industries
*80% nations factories
*Produced 90% clothes, boots, shoes
*93% iron (weapons and manf. Goods)
*Almost all guns and gunpowder belong to North
*only had 1 factory produce cannons (Tredegar Iron Works)
*had to build factories to make gunpowder, weapons and ammunition
*produce own food but couldn’t distribute it  RR
2x as many miles (Lincoln take over)
Barely any lines
Financing War
Controlled national treasury
Made national currency
Able buy bonds from gov’t
Many farmers in debt
Taxed own ppl but refused to pay
Printed own $$$ caused inflation
Government
Well established
Great Leader….Lincoln
Newly established
inexperienced

13. Railroad Lines - North vs. South

14. Southern Advantages Defensive war (fighting on own territory)
Better leaders (strong military tradition)
Robert E Lee (VA native)
Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson
Used to riding on horses and shooting guns, combat

15. Southern Advantages Southern Strategy War of Attrition
outlast the North, wear them down by constant attacks and heavy losses
Gain recognition and help from Great Britain and France

16. Northern Advantages Political Leadership
Abraham Lincoln, strong government and unity of states
Military Strength
Navy, Army, population to pull from
More money in banks to spend

17. Northern Advantage Union Strategy Anaconda Plan (3 Parts)
Blockade the South
Divide the Confederacy
Take the Capital

19. Advantages, Strategies, and Early Battles
Capitals of the Countries
› Confederate capital:
Richmond, VA
› What was the capital of the north?
Washington D.C.
100 miles away from each other

20. People Make the Difference During the War
Women had to take the place of the men on the farms and in business
Clara Barton worked as a nurse during the Civil War
helped found the American Red Cross

22. People Make the Difference During the War
Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson
Confederate general
Came to fame after commanding a brigade at the First Battle of Bull Run.
His courage and tenacity, people compared him to a “stone wall”.
Was shot during the Battle of Chancellorsville, survived but lost his left arm to amputation general

23. People Make the Difference During the War
Robert E. Lee
Commander of the Confederate Army
When Virginia declared its secession from the Union, Lee chose to follow his home state, despite his desire for the country to remain intact and an offer of a senior Union command
Great tactician and battlefield commander, winning most of his battles, all against far superior Union armies.
Called for reconciliation between the two sides.

24. People Make the Difference During the War
Ulysses S. Grant
Lincoln finally found a general who would fight
becomes commander of entire Union Army
Used attrition (wearing down/outlasting the enemy)
Grant would lose 60,000 men in one month using this tactic (“The Butcher”)
South would run out of men before the North

25. Civil War Scavenger Hunt
6 Stations.
Each station has an information sheet with figures on the war.
You must figure out what questions go with each station and what the answers are.
Station:
Questions
Questions
Questions
Questions
Questions
Questions