1. Chapter 18 - Bacteria

2. Bacterial Structures
DNA
Ribosomes
Cell wall
Flagellum
Pili

3. Gram Stain
Gram positive
Gram negative

4. Bacteria Shape
Cocci (coccus)
Bacilli (bacillus)
Spirilla (spirillum)

5. Diplo – pairs
Staphylo – clusters
Strepto – chains

6. Streptococcus

7. Movement & Support
Have cell walls to support shape and provide protection
Some have flagellum for movement

8. Digestion/Obtaining Nutrients
Some are autotrophs
Photosynthetic
Chemosynthetic
Some are heterotrophs that use organic molecules that they engulf & breakdown
Some use aerobic respiration and others use fermentation (anaerobic). These processes produce energy

9. Nervous/Response Circular chromosome with DNA Some produce endospores
Some produce toxins

10. Circulation
Rely on flow of cytoplasm to move materials through cell

11. Gas Exchange
Gases are exchanged directly to the environment through diffusion

12. Excretion
Waste is secreted through the cell membrane by diffusion or exocytosis

13. Reproduction Asexual – binary fission
Sexual – conjugation through pilus

14. What makes bacteria so great?
They reproduce rapidly
Their DNA mutates frequently
They can exist in extreme environments
They are able to use substances that other organisms cannot

15. Helpful Bacteria Nitrogen fixation
Recycling nutrients (saprophytes & decomposers)
Medicine
Food

16. Harmful Bacteria E. coli Salmonella Bacillus anthracis Yersinia pestis
Staphylococcus aureus

17. Antibiotic Resistance

19. Vaccines & Immunity
Vaccines consist of dead/destroyed virus or bacteria
Sensitizes the body to the foreign objects
Creates antibodies that recognize foreign antigen
Allows the body to react more quickly when it encounters the “real deal”

20. How do we protect ourselves from infectious agents?
Skin
Body secretions
Inflammation & fever
Antibodies
Antibiotics & vaccines