1. Progressivism and Populism
by Rebecca Guerrero, teacher at Rancho Cucamonga High School on Oct 18, 2010

2. Progressives
Those individuals and groups who tried to address and solve the problems of the Gilded Age

3. Socialism
Socialism is an economic and political philosophy favoring public or gov. control of property and income Believed in the economic theories shared by Marx and Engels in the Communist Manifesto Many socialist in this era sought to turn America socialist through the ballot box

4. Teddy Roosevelt makes up the term
Muckrakers
Journalist who alerted the public to wrongdoings in politics and business
Teddy Roosevelt makes up the term
Included writers who sensationalized the situations and others who were respected authors
Upton Sinclair and The Jungle
Jacob Riis: photographer who exposes the horrors of tenement life in How the Other Half Lives
Ida Tarbell fights against Standard Oil

5. Problem- Poverty Progressive Solution- Social Gospel Movement
Based on the belief that salvation came from service to the poor
Settlement houses-community centers in slum neighborhoods which provided assistance to the poor, especially immigrants were established
Often run by middle-class college educated women
Most well known is Jane Addams, founder of Hull House in Chicago

6. Problem-unsafe and unfair working conditions
Progressive Solution-Government Regulation
Pushed for laws to improve working conditions
Improved fire protection
Some states develop accident insurance programs (disability)
Florence Kelly leads the movement for Child Labor laws
on the books in 30 states by 1907
Several states passed minimum wage laws

7. Problem-Corrupt Government
Progressive Solution-Give more power to the voters
Direct primary for choosing pres. candidate
17th Amendment –voters select senators
Initiative: allowed citizens to propose new state laws
Referendum: force legislatures to allow citizens to vote on a law the legislatures rejected
Recall: ability to remove public officials from office at the state and local level
Pendleton Civil Service Act replaces patronage (the giving of gov. jobs to people who help you get elected) with the merit system

8. Problem-unfair business practices and monopolies limit completion
Progressive Solution-Government breaks up monopolies
Sherman Anti-trust Act (1890) made it illegal to form a trust that interfered with free trade between states or with other countries

10. Progressive Presidents

11. Teddy Roosevelt’s Square Deal
Enforced the Sherman Antitrust Act and successfully sued abusive trusts
Forced the arbitration of strikes (like the 1902 Coal Strike)
Term used to describe the various progressive reforms of the Roosevelt administration
Teddy Roosevelt’s
Square Deal
Established the United States Forest service and expanded the Park system to preserve the environment
Urged Congress to pass laws to regulate industries
Hepburn Act authorized the Interstate Commerce commission to regulate discounts used by RR for bribes
The Pure Food and Drug Act (1906) set sanitation and labeling requirements for foods
After reading The Jungle urged the passage of the Meat Inspection Act which set meat inspection requirements

12. Has a hard time following in Roosevelt’s footsteps
Taft’s Presidency
Has a hard time following in Roosevelt’s footsteps
Ballinger-Pinchot scandal hurts Taft’s reputation and removes land from protection
Roosevelt decides to run again and the Republican Party splits
Roosevelt forms the Bull Moose Party
Taft runs as the Republican candidate
Woodrow Wilson (D) wins the election of 1912

13. Wilson’s New Freedom
Clayton Antitrust Act- ensures labor unions the right to exist and strike Establishes the Federal Trade Commission as a watchdog agency to prevent unfair business practices Supported a graduated income tax Established the Federal Reserve System to serve the countries growing financial needs

14. Progressive Amendments
16th Amendment (1913): allowed for an income tax 17th Amendment (1913) provided for the direct election of senators 18th Amendment (1919) made it illegal for Americans to make, sell or import liquor-prohibition (or temperance) 19th Amendment (1920) gave women the right to vote

15. The Grange
A farmer’s organization formed in response to RR abuses Took political action and got laws passed to protect rights of farmers at the state level So called “Granger Laws” were upheld in the case Munn v. Illinois

16. Populism
Evolved from the Grange into a farmers political party new political party called the Populist (1892)

17. Were successful in many elections in 1892
Populism
Argued for:
An increase in $ supply to raise prices, silver standard
A graduated income tax
8 hour work day
Were successful in many elections in 1892
Platform later adopted by Democratic party

18. Populism
Supported William Jennings Bryan (D) as their party’s presidential candidate in 1896 and 1900
If they dare to come out in the open field and defend the gold standard as a good thing, we shall fight them to the uttermost, having behind us the producing masses of the nation and the world. Having behind us the commercial interests and the laboring interests and all the toiling masses, we shall answer their demands for a gold standard by saying to them, you shall not press down upon the brow of labor this crown of thorns. You shall not crucify mankind upon a cross of gold.