1. Measuring and realizing the translational significance of preclinical in vivo studies of painful osteoarthritis 
M. Hummel, G.T. Whiteside 
Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 
Volume 25, Issue 3, Pages (March 2017)
DOI: /j.joca
Copyright © 2016 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

2. Fig. 1
Theoretical dose response curves for two analgesics. ED50 is defined as the dose or exposure producing 50% of the maximal effect of the compound (tox = toxicology).
Osteoarthritis and Cartilage  , DOI: ( /j.joca )
Copyright © 2016 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

3. Fig. 2
Preclinical data on naproxen and an experimental analgesic in the MIA model of osteoarthritis with a weight bearing endpoint compared with clinical data in subjects with moderate to severe chronic pain due to OA of the knee using the WOMAC pain score. All data are normalized to % effect where 0 is defined as no effect on pain. Naproxen and the experimental compound produced a reversal of pain both in animals and patients with a larger % effect observed in animals. Statistical significance was determined from each respective control. The preclinical effect separates from vehicle treatment while the clinical effect failed to separate from placebo control. This comparison highlights the impact of the placebo effect evident in humans and its absence in animal models.
Osteoarthritis and Cartilage  , DOI: ( /j.joca )
Copyright © 2016 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions