1. Solids, Liquids, Gases, and Plasmas
Section 4.1

2. Introduction
States of matter - the different forms in which matter can exist.
Example: Water (H2O)
Solid – Ice (H2O)
Liquid – water (H2O)
Gas – water vapor (H2O)

3. SOLIDS definite shape, definite volume particles tightly packed
movement limited to vibration

4. LIQUIDS definite volume, no definite shape
particles close, but flow around each other (fluid)
no set particle pattern

5. Properties of Liquids
Surface tension – a force that pulls particles at the exposed surface toward other liquid particles.
Example: water forms droplets
Viscosity – a liquid’s resistance to flow
Example: honey vs. vinegar

6. GAS indefinite shape and volume
both change to fill container (fluid)
compressible because of space between particles
greatest kinetic energy of 3 phases

7. Solids, Liquids, Gases

8. Plasmas
Plasma – a state of matter that resembles a gas but has certain properties that a gas does not have.
Lacks fixed volume and shape
Can conduct electricity and respond to magnetism
Contains ions
Glows with light
Examples: sun and stars, lightning and auroras

9. Plasma

10. Energy and Matter Energy – the ability to cause changes in matter
Kinetic energy – energy of moving matter

11. KINETIC THEORY Kinetic Theory of Matter
All matter is composed of tiny particles in constant motion.
The higher the temperature, the faster the motion.
 The state of matter changes as temperature changes
Solid  Liquid  Gas
K.E. increases 

12. Kinetic Theory of Matter