1. Classical Greek Theater
Background information

2. Cornell Notes Cues and Questions Column Notes Column
Complete this column AFTER you take notes.
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Questions: As soon as possible after taking notes, create questions based on the notes in the right-hand column. Write one question under each cue word. Writing questions helps to clarify meanings, reveal relationships, establish continuity, and strengthen memory. Also, the writing of questions sets up a perfect way to study for exams!
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Reflect: Ask yourself questions, for example: “What’s the significance of these facts? How can I apply them? How do they fit in with what I already know? What’s beyond them?
Review: Spend at least 10 minutes every week reviewing previous notes. If you do, you’ll retain a great deal of information!

3. Four Reasons for Theater
Entertainment
Religion
Displaying loyalty to your city-state
Honoring local heroes

4. Origins Song and dance was a way of worshipping the gods…
Mortals, I command
you to tell me how
awesome I am! We
love
you!

5. Origins
…and celebrating the harvest.

6. Origins
Over the centuries, harvest dances developed into the dithyramb, a religious ritual performed by a chorus of men wearing masks.

7. Origins This is Thespis. He created the first actor.
Hi everyone!
I made the dithyramb better
by adding a new character,
separate from the chorus.
He created the first actor.

8. Origins Aeschylus added a second actor to the stage.
Sophocles added a third.
The chorus remained, but the audience became more interested in the characters and their lives and struggles.

9. The Theaters
The first theaters were just hillsides with a few wooden benches for the important spectators. (Theatron)
Then the circular dancing area, called the orchestra, was paved with stones.
The skene, a rectangular building made of wood, provided changing rooms for actors and prop storage.

10. The Theaters Theater design continued to evolve.
Stone seats were added for everyone, not just the most important people.
The wooden skene was replaced by a permanent stone building called the proskenion.

11. The Theaters Basic elements of a theater: Circle for the actors.
Slope for the spectators with benches.
Open air for a roof.

12. The Chorus Only men could be in the chorus or be actors in the play.
Wait a minute…
You’d never make a
convincing woman!
But Martin Lawrence
pulled it off in “Big
Momma’s House!”

13. Acting
I’m a BIG fan of
Greek theater!

14. The Chorus Entered at the beginning of the drama.
Remained during the performance.
Commented on the action of the play.

15. The Chorus The choragos was the leader of the chorus.
Sometimes he participated in the dialogue and represented the responses of a typical citizen.

16. Acting
The actors’ gestures had to be exaggerated and dramatic so people in the back row could see.

17. Acting Everyone except the musicians wore masks.
Masks were made of wool, linen, wood, plaster, or other perishable materials.

18. The Stage Differences between Greek and modern theater:
No scenery or special effects.
Actors wore masks.
The skene served as whatever building the play needed (palace, temple, cave).
Lighting was natural.
Very few props.

19. The Stage
The violence - murder, suicide, and battles - almost always occurred offstage.
CRASH! BLAM! KAPOW!
Aaargh! I am
stabbed! The pain
is horrible!!!
A messenger would appear
after the event and describe
in gory detail what had
just happened.

20. The Plays
The 5th Century B.C. was known as the golden age of Greek Drama.
Four playwrights emerged as the greatest: Aeschylus, Sophocles, Euripides, and Aristophanes

21. The Plays
Plays retold myths, rewrote history, and ridiculed politicians.
Aristophanes wrote comic plays and got himself in trouble for satirizing politicians and even the gods.

22. The Plays The other three masters were tragic poets.
Tragic plays captured humankind’s timeless struggle to find the purpose of life and to achieve self-understanding.

23. The Plays
Central to the tragedy is the fall of the great man (or woman, but her part was played by a man).
This person is called the tragic hero.
His/her fate is brought about by a flaw within his or her own character.
Hubris: excessive pride or arrogance (usually the tragic flaw)

24. The Plays The tragic hero inspired audiences to:
examine their own lives,
define their beliefs,
and cleanse their emotions of pity and terror through compassion for the character (catharsis).