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THE MODERN AGE
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What’s new in the 20th century?
Victorian doubts and fears Less optimistic vision and tensions Industrialization 1914 First World War society and man’s place international competition defensive alliances end of European domination SCIENCE AND INDUSTRY BRUTLIZED MEN AND MADE THEIR POWER OF DESTRUCTION GREATER
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What happened in social economy?
Capitalism has not produced benefits: are there possible solution? MARX and The Communist Manifesto Marxism = optimistic view of the future Welfare State social revolution
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And in religion? Victorians’s fear = men isolated in a mechanical universe without God No divine principles and no divine plan Sure point = individual himself Different individuals and different point of view = RELATIVISM THE SYSTEM OF MORALITY AND BELIEFES COLLAPSES
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Albert Einstein’sTheory of Relativity
Euclidean geometry and Newtonian physics = false assumptions 1906 GENERAL THEORY OF RELATIVITY Space and Time did not exist as separate, absolute phenomena, but changed according to the point of view of the observer
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STREAM OF CONCIOUSNESS
New ideas on “TIME” NEW PHILOSOPHY: H.Bergson and W.James rejected conventional ideas of time Past experiences + future expectations = people Stream = rational + irrational (semiconscious level) Importance of irrational in people action = SIGMUND FREUD STREAM OF CONCIOUSNESS
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THE POET DISCOVER THE SYMBOLIC MEANINGS
Human psychology Carl Jung = importance of a primitive element in human psychology Racial memory = primitive memory connected to evolution SYMBOLIC LEVEL Figures or objects had symbolic power THE POET DISCOVER THE SYMBOLIC MEANINGS
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THE SYMBOLISM LANGUAGE USED: spoke to the irrational rather than the rational in the reader Aesthetic movement = poetry which broke completely with the Victorian tradition NEW DRAMATIC NOVEL = the narrator is invisible, story self-told, the analysis is transferred from the novel to the reader, ambiguity and uncertainty.
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OLD AND NEW NOVEL = narrative VS dramatic
OLD NOVEL: narrative structure omniscient narrator ELIOT’S MYTHICAL METHOD = interest in anthropology for ordering contemporary society objective correlative balance between form and matters
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Liceo Scientifico A.Einstein
Girardi Gioia Liceo Scientifico A.Einstein Class 5^ALS School year 2014/2015
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