1. Image Production and Evaluation
NOTE: QA AND QC ARE USED INTERCHANGABLY IN APPLETON AND LANGE

2. Intensifying screen Base Reflective layer Active Layer
Protective layer

3. Intensifying.Screen: Detail and speed
Thicker the active layer: less detail and more speed
Larger the phospher:less detail and more speed
Formula: old screen
new screen

4. Digital Imaging PSP CRT ADC IP CR DR
FOV field of view or how much of the patient is included in the matrix
Matrix-rows and columns of pixels (512 x512)
Pixel size
As matrix increase, pixel size decreases
As FOV increases, pixel size increases
As pixel size increases, resolutions decreases

5. TARGET ANGLE LINE FOCUS PRINCIPLE PG. 56 in, Mosby
Actual
Effective
Large angle
small angle
anode heel

6. MAMMOGRAPHY
Use very low KVP 23-28
molybdenum targets
High MAS

7. PROCESSING

8. DEFINE
EXIT (REMNANT RADIATION)
LATENT IMAGE
MANIFEST IMAGE

9. Magnification: FOR EVERY 1” OF OID INCREASE, SID MUST INCREASE BY 7” WALLACE PG 27-33
Mag. Factor - SID
SOD
SOD SID - OID
IMAGE SIZE -image = SID
object SOD
% OF MAG- OID
SOD X 100
#s 45 57,93

10. DENSITY OD or Logarithm of opacity
Ratio of amount of light incident on film to the amount of light transmitted thru film (Mosby, pg. 53)
Controlling factors
mAs
kVP
Distance
Film/screen
Grids
Collimation
Anatomy/pathology
Anode Heel
Filtration

11. Detail
Focal spot size
Screen speed
SID
OID
Motion artifact

12. CONTRAST KVP GRID FIELD SIZE Filtration Anatomy and pathology
HIGH, SHORT
LOW, LONG

13. CHARACTERISTIC/H&D CURVE PG 58 MOSBY
Exposure error latitude
Contrast latitude
speed of film
base/fog
processing

14. DIFFERENTIAL ABSORPTION & ATTENUATION
Difference between x-rays absorbed through photoelectric effect and those not absorbed at all.

15. Quantum Mottle Mottled appearance (looking through a mist)
low mas-increase QM
high speed film- increase QM

16. GRIDS GRID RATIO: HEIGHT DIVIDED BY DISTANCE AFFECT ON CONTRAST
MULTIPLYING FACTOR
GRID CUTOFF

17. FOCAL SPOT/ BLUR Umbra/penumbra or focal spot blur Small FS = less
Large FS = more
Increased SID = less
decreased SID = more
increased OID = more
decreased OID = less

19. FILM CONSTRUCTION (Pg. 166-167 Bushong)/Cassette
BASE
EMULSION

20. INTERACTIONS CHARACTERISTIC COMPTON INFRARED CLASSICAL,
THOMSON, COHERENT
PHOTOELECTRIC
BREMSTRAULING
PAIR PRODUCTION
PHOTO-DISINTEGRATION

21. Technique and Exposure