1. Chapter 18 Section 1
Mobilization

2. Getting ready for WAR
Mobilization : Selective Service Act required all males aged 21 to 36 to register for military service. (Government Issued: GI)

3. TROOPS 300,000 Mexican Americans
25,000 Native Americans (Navajos “code talkers”
1 million African Americans
350,000 American women: clerks, typists, nurses, airfield control tower operators, etc

4. Tuskegee Airmen first aviation cadet class July 1941
completed training March 1942
African American airmen fought two wars - one against Axis Powers and the other against racism at home

5. Navajo Code Talkers
primary job was to transmit information via telegraphs and radios in their native dialect
Navajo's unwritten language was understood by fewer than 30 non-Navajo's at the time of WWII

6. Code Talkers
"At Iwo Jima, the Code Talkers immortalized themselves. To capture the island, the entire military operation was directed by orders communicated by the Navajo Code Talkers. During the first forty-eight hours, while the marines landed and consolidated their shore positions, six Navajo radio nets operated around the clock. They sent and received more than 800 messages without error. When the marines raised the flag on Mount Suribachi, the Code Talkers relayed the message in the Navajo code: "sheep-uncle-ram-ice-bear-ant-cat-horse-itch."

7. World War II Women

8. Rosie the Riveter
fictional character that was created to encourage women to join the work force during World War II

9. Preparing for the Economy of WAR Making supplies
War Production Board: converted peace-time civilian industries to war production; allocated resources
Office of War Mobilization: broad powers to centralize resources

11. Production needs workers and MONEY!!
Women and African Americans
War cost=$321 billion
Treasury bonds (liberty bonds)
higher taxes paid for 41% of war
National debt increased from $43 billion in 1940 to $259 billion in 1945

12. Ford Motor Company
Converted to make B-24 Bombers

13. Liberty Ships
Henry J. Kaiser used mass production to cut production time of ships from 200 days to 40 days
Carried supplies or troops

14. Continued support
rationing
Recycling metal, paper, etc
Carpooled

16. FOOD
OFFICE OF PRICE ADMINISTRATION worked to control the prices of goods
in charge of rationing goods
victory gardens

17. Section 2 Retaking Europe
Battle of the Atlantic
U-boats sank 175 ships in June 1942
U.S. used convoy system to protect ships

18. Convoy system

19. Invasion of Italy
Hitler violated the Non-Aggression Pact and attacked Russia
Stalin begged the Allied powers to attack the Axis from the Western front in France
Allies invaded Italy instead from North Africa
Italy surrendered April 1945, Mussolini was shot and killed by Italians as he tried to flee across the northern Italian border

20. Mussolini’s body was hung in Milan square
Years of atrocities had caused great fear in Italy.

21. The Eastern Front
4 million Axis (Germans and Italians) and 9 million Russians were killed in battle
20 million Soviet civilians died from Stalin’s tactics and war

22. BATTLE OF STALINGRAD Germany lost 330,000 troops
Stalin ordered “not one step back”
Soviets lost 1,100,000 troops.
Stalingrad is the turning point for the war in Eastern Europe.
Stalin resented the lack of support from the Allied Powers

23. Stalingrad

24. Stalingrad

25. D DAY June

26. D-Day=code name for the Allied invasion to liberate France from German control
By nightfall on June 6, more than 9,000 Allied soldiers were dead or wounded
more than 100,000 had made it ashore, securing French coastal villages

27. DUMMY DROPPED

28. Liberating France
General Patton used a blitzkrieg to head to Paris, France. On August 25, 1944, a French division of the U.S. First Army officially liberated Paris.

29. Battle of the Bulge
Last German OFFENSIVE before the Allies defeated Germany

30. WAR in Europe Ends
Soviets continued to advance on Germany from the east
April 1945, Berlin was captured, Germans surrendered, Hitler committed suicide
May 8, 1945, V-E Day( Victory in Europe)

31. Yalta Conference Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin met at Yalta
The leaders agreed to split Germany into 4 zones
They also divided Berlin the same way
Stalin promised to allow elections in the nations of Eastern Europe that his army had liberated from the Germans
Stalin will refuse to live up to his promises at Yalta