1. Abdullah Yusuf Ali ( )
Indian scholar best known for translating
Qur’an into English
Originally Shi‘ite, but was concerned for all
Muslims. Also mystical tendencies
Born Bombay. Educated at Muslim school
in India, then degree at Cambridge.
Worked in Indian civil service.
Supported British presence in India.
Died in London

2. Abdullah Yusuf Ali ( )
Translation of Qur’an shows modernist and
mystical tendencies, has led some
Islamists to try and expurgate what they
see as unorthodox

3. Muhammad Rashid Rida (1865-1935)
Muhammad Abduh ( ) and
Muhammad Rashid Rida ( )
Abduh was pupil of al-Afghani. Rida was
pupil of Abduh. Both were modernists,
advocating Islamic reform in face of
modern world
Together worked on Abduh’s journal
Al-Manar, which included Tafsir
al-Manar, commentary on Qur’an