1. SEYCHELLE TUNA CONFERENCE 4-6 February 2010 Mahé, Seychelles Helga Josupeit, FAO World Tuna Trade Challenges and Opportunities

2. This presentation will cover… World Tuna Trade Tuna Prices Challenges Opportunities Summary and Outlook

3. Tuna exports versus total exports (1000 million US$)

4. Fish Exports in Value (2008)

5. Tuna exports versus catch

6. Fresh/frozen tuna imports

7. Canned tuna imports

8. EU: Frozen Yellowfin Prices

9. Frozen Skipjack Prices

10. Canned Tuna Prices

11. Canned tuna trade has stablized in recent years Thailand major canned tuna exporting country, and growing strongly in recent years but also the Philippines is expanding somewhat Summary and Outlook

12. Economic crisis had impact on canned tuna and sashimi quality tuna USA by far main canned tuna importing country, demand declining due to various reasons Demand in canned tuna consuming countries is very price conscious Summary and Outlook

13. More supermarket labels, especially in traditionally more trade brands oriented countries, such as Italy and Spain High value products such as tuna in glass jars are having a difficult time in Europe No tuna pouches in Europe Prices, importers are willing to pay, are relatively low Summary and Outlook

14. Challenges WTO CITES EU IUU regulations

15. Challenges (cont.) eco-labels tariffs free trade agreements mercury carbon foot prints

16. WTO Agreements of relevance for fisheries Agreement on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS) Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures Agreement on Import Licensing Procedures Agreement on Anti-Dumping Agreement on Rules of Origin Dispute Settlement

17. Doha Agenda environmental labelling to clarify the impact of eco-labelling on trade and examine whether WTO rules stand in the way of eco-labelling policies. FAO adopted a set of voluntary guidelines for the ecolabelling of fish products, March 2005

18. WTO and market access Discussion on zero duty Swiss formula

19. CITES (Atlantic Bluefin) Fifteenth Meeting of the Conference of the Parties of CITES in Doha (Qatar), 13-25 March 2010 In December 2009, a majority of the FAO Ad Hoc Expert Advisory Panel considered that the available data does support the proposal to include Atlantic bluefin in CITES Appendix I, BUT no consensus was not reached consensus for inclusion of Atlantic bluefin in Appendix II

20. EU IUU regulation All seafood export shipments to the EU must clearly show the origin of the products, –including the sea area where the fish are caught and the names of the fishing boats. Otherwise, they will be refused entry. –This law was implemented on 1 January 2010. –Tuna fisheries are also one of the fisheries most subject to IUU fishing in the past –Panama and Belize: additional information requested

21. Eco labels and tuna Dolphin safe tuna Friend of the Sea –Frabelle Fishing Corporation (PNG/Western Pacific) –Maldives (Indian Ocean) –Philippines (Western Pacific) –Sri Lanka (Indian Ocean) –Azores (North Atlantic) –Brazil (South West Atlantic) –Namibia (South East Atlantic) Senegal (Eastern Central Atlantic) MSC –American Albacore Tuna –Tosakatuso skipjack tuna

22. Tariffs and Free Trade Agreements - USA classical 6% on canned tuna imports, up to a quota, 12.5% when quota is filled Andean Community countries: only tuna in pouch has duty free entry into USA, and this will be revised soon Free Trade Treaty for Central American countries – 0% tariff for tuna in oil, 1-2% for other canned tuna

23. Tariffs and Free Trade Agreements – USA (cont.) Discussion on Free Trade Agreement with Thailand, and implications for domestic (American Samoa) tuna canneries Free trade agreement USA-Australia

24. Tariffs and Free Trade Agreements - EU EU tariffs are 18% for frozen whole tuna (suspended, that means real duty is zero) and 24% for tuna loins and canned tuna Tariffs for many developing countries such as Thailand, Indonesia and the Philippines are 20.5%. ACP 0% duty on canned tuna has been replaced by EPAs, still at 0% duty. 50 countries at present

25. Tariffs and Free Trade Agreements – EU (cont.) GPS-Drugs agreement set certain duty free quotas for canned tuna and tuna loins from Andean Community and Central America

26. Tariffs and Free Trade Agreements - EU Important: Conditions to Obtain the Preferential Origin GSP –vessel are registered or recorded in that country –vessel flying the flag of that country –vessel belongs for at least 50% to nationals of that country or if she belongs to a partnership which has his main office in this country –the captain and the officers are nationals of the particular country –the crew exist for at least 75% of nationals of the country

27. Tariffs and Free Trade Agreements – Japan Reduction of tariffs for tuna: fresh and frozen tuna from 10% to 5% under the GATT agreement, and now to 3.5% Canned tuna from 20% to 15% under the GATT agreement, and now to 9.6%, and even as low as 6.4% or free for special concessions

28. Tariffs and Free Trade Agreements – Japan Organization for Promotion of Responsible Tuna Fisheries (OPRT) Mexico-Japan Free Trade Agreement Thailand- Japan Free Trade Agreement Positive Listing in Japan –both for wild (November 2003) –and farmed tuna (August 2004)

29. Other challenges … Carbon monoxide use prohibited in the EU (outlawed since decades, but enforcement started since early 2004) – but some confusion Carbon monoxide use prohibited in Japan (since 1997) – but has GRAS status in USA Use of hydro protein in canned tuna not allowed in the EU, but allowed in the USA

30. Other challenges … Methyl-mercury warning in USA, UK and Ireland Last week: Expert consultation on risk and benefits of seafood consumption Country of origin labelling in USA DNA testing on false tuna in Japan All tuna In Japan must be labelled with details of its origin

31. Other challenges … carbon foot print discussion –tuna fishing –transport of tuna (raw material) –transport of canned tuna

32. Opportunities FTAs is an opportunity for tuna exporters new products, such as tuna in glass jars paté products tuna jerky

33. Opportunities promote image of tuna, as a healthy, unexpensive food improve sustainability of tuna resources, and communicate it to the public – ISSF and this type of meeting is a very good opportunity in this respect

34. ... and in this spirit Thank you very much for your attention and to ISSF for inviting me