1. Hinduism & Buddhism Develop
Ch 3 Sec 2
Hinduism & Buddhism Develop

2. Reincarnation The Cycle of Birth, death, and re-birth.
The belief that after death we are born into a new life (based on how we lived – your Karma) and repeat the process until we reach enlightenment.
Both Hinduism & Buddhism.

3. Karma Your good & bad deeds throughout your life.
Both Hindus & Buddhist.
Determines your next life.

4. Jainism
Native religion developed in India at about the same time as Buddhism ~550 B.C. – likely in protest of the power of the Hindu Brahmin priest class.
Founded by Mahavira who lived from B.C.
Believe in Ahimsa – total non-violence – Jain monks take this to such an extreme that their whole lives revolve around not killing anything! They are strict vegetarians and carry a broom for sweeping areas where they walk and wear a mask to avoid accidentally inhaling any bugs!
Ordinary Jainists pick occupations such as in trade and commerce to avoid having to kill anything.

5. Buddhism
A religion/philosophy that began in India ~500 BC, similar to Hinduism but has no gods.
Founder: A Prince – Siddhartha Gautama.
Why? He was searching for the cause of human suffering.

6. Siddhartha Gautama
The BUDDHA!
Founder of Buddhism

7. Enlightenment The goal of both Hindus and Buddhists.
Literally means: To understand – usually something very complicated.

8. Nirvana Buddhist Heaven
Means “A state of wanting nothing.” (you must not have any desires).

9. The Four Noble Truths
The basic beliefs of the Buddhist Faith.

10. Q3. What are the 4 Noble Truths of Buddhism?
The Four Noble Truths of Buddhism:
Life sucks! - Life is filled with suffering and sorrow.
B/C you want things - The cause of suffering is desire.
Stop Wanting - To end suffering you must eliminate desire.
How? Follow Buddha! To eliminate desire you must achieve enlightenment by following The Eightfold Path – follow the Middle Way between desire and self-denial.

11. The Middle Way
Buddhist belief in the right action – don’t go to extremes. Follow Buddha’s example – the Three Baskets of Wisdom – Buddhism’s sacred writings.

12. The Eightfold Path

13. 4. How has Hinduism influenced social structure in India?
Hinduism has influenced the social structure of India by strengthening the Caste system, where each person is born into their caste – for life!

14. 5. How did Buddhism Spread?
Buddhism spread due to its appealing message of salvation in one lifetime, (no Caste System), this appealed to many people in the lower classes. It also spread through missionaries and trade.

15. Missionaries
Devout (strict) believers who travel to teach and spread their faith – to work for the good of others.
Buddhism spread through missionaries who often established monasteries that became famous centers of learning.

16. 6. How might the belief in reincarnation provide a form of social control?
The belief in reincarnation can be seen as a form of social control because if you are bad your next life will be much worse as a punishment. So you obey the rules because you want good Karma.

17. 7. How are the Vedas and Upanishads similar?
The Vedas and Upanishads are similar in that they are both considered sacred texts of Hinduism. The Upanishads is a collection of Hindu scholars/teacher’s interpretations of the hidden meanings of the Vedas.

18. Hinduism An Ancient Religion that began in India about ~2000 B.C.
Considered Polytheistic by most outsiders, believers claim elements of monotheism as each individual develops a personal relationship with 1 god: Major gods Brahma, Vishnu, Shiva, and Ganesh (the elephant headed god – one of the most popular today – Son of Parvati and Shiva, Ganesh is the god of success, intelligence and “mover of all obstacles”).

19. Brahman (add) The creative FORCE of all the gods combined.
Think of the X-Men mutation or Think Star Wars! (But Brahmin priests are not Jedi or mutants)
Spelling counts! – Brahmin = Priests Caste, Brahman = The Force. Brahma = creator god

20. Moksha (add) Hindu Heaven, the goal – enlightenment.
When the soul breaks free of the endless cycle of Birth and death and joins Brahman.

21. The Untouchables (3.1 review)
Called in modern India the Dalits, these are the people of the lowest class, sometimes referred to as having no caste!

22. Atman
Hindu Belief: The Essential self (the soul).

23. Dharma (add) Hindu duties and obligations of your CASTE.
Dharma Means: “that which upholds”
In Buddhism = Buddhist Doctrine (teachings) & law.

24. Upanishads Hindu sacred (holy) writings
 interpretations of the Vedas written as conversations between student and teacher.
The Vedas is made of the 4 most ancient of Hindu texts.