2. 1 Regional Workshop on: Agriculture-related Issues in the Preparation for Accession to the WTO Overview of Agricultural Trade Databases and Analytical Tools Syria, 26. – 28. November 2008 United Nations Conference on Trade and Development Ralf Peters UNCTAD, Geneva

3. Trade databases WITS Gives access to 5 databases covering tariffs and trade (governments view) TRAINS, IDB, CTS, Comtrade, AMAD UNCTAD and Worldbank: wits.worldbank.org Market Access Map Trade and tariff data (exporters view) ITC: www.macmap.org FAOStat Production, Consumption and wide range of data on agriculture such as caloric intake, undernourished, … FAO: faostat.fao.org

4. Analytical tools Databases with simulation tools WITS (Smart Model) and Market Access Map ATPSM Partial equilibrium model to analyse trade policy changes in agriculture UNCTAD and FAO: www.unctad.org/tab and www.fao.org/docrep/006/Y5117E/y5117e0a.htm GTAP General equilibrium model covering a wide range of analytical possibilities (e.g. tariff cuts, productivity shock, RTAs, …) www.gtap.org GSIM One sector partial equilibrium model Francois and Hall: www.intereconomics.com/handbook/Models/Index.htm Aglink - Cosimo FAO and OECD: Price projection model

5. World Integrated Trade Solution (WITS) vs Databases WITS (UNCTAD - World Bank) is a software which is designed to integrate several trade-related databases and provide easy access Five databases are currently accessible through WITS

6. Databases of WITS TRAINS (UNCTAD) COMTRADE (UN Statistics Division) Integrated Database (IDB-WTO) Consolidated Tariff Schedule (CTS-WTO) AMAD (Agricultural Market Access Database)

7. Data contents of TRAINS (continued) Applied tariffs at tariff line level or aggregated Import statistics by origin at Harmonized System (HS) 6-digit level for every country-year by constructing mirror imports where necessary Non-Tariff Measures classified according to UNCTAD Coding System of Trade Control Measures

8. UN COMTRADE in WITS United Nations Commodity Trade Statistics Database: –International trade statistics, detailed by commodity and partner country –Over 130 countries –From 1962 (not all countries) to most recent year Processed into a standard format with consistent coding and valuation –Converted into US dollars –Quantities (if provided) converted into metric units

9. AMAD in WITS Query: –Currently only raw data downloadable –Future: incorporated in advanced query Data availability –TRQ schedule: within-quota tariffs and quota volume –Out-of-quota tariffs available in WITS from CTS (normal tariff schedule)

10. Access to WITS Software: everybody AMAD and aggregated WTO Data: everybody COMTRADE: Free access to International Organizations, others against a fee TRAINS: Access to governments and international and regional organizations and donors to TRAINS Trust Fund WTO: Access to WTO member governments and selected International Organizations

11. WITS Functionality Data retrieval and analysis Quick query: raw data, entire schedules Advanced query: averages by sector/region Tariff Change Simulations Other options

12. Quick Query Direct access to the Database –By country and/or by product –Export raw data –Extraction by criteria

14. AMAD in WITS Raw

15. Advanced Query Users construct queries comprising of: –Reporter countries –Products –Partner countries –Years

17. Custom Query – Parameters Reporter Countries –Individual countries or user-defined groups of countries Products –Individual products or user-defined aggregates of products in various product classifications (HS, SITC,ISIC, etc)

18. Custom Query – Parameters Partner Countries –Same as Reporter Countries. World is treated as an individual country Years – From 1988

19. Custom Query – results Main indicators Simple and trade weighted tariff averages Value of imports –Duty free –Dutiable –Non-ad valorem rates Distribution of tariff rates

20. The Advanced Query is a more complex but more powerful and flexible tool for sophisticated queries : –Can retrieve trade for several years, partners and products with a single query; –Can retrieve aggregated trade for groups of countries or products; The process goes through two steps : –The user defines, saves and submits his query –The server runs the query and notifies when results are ready.

21. Once the Data Source has been selected, a set of folders appears on the top left side of the Query Definition window. Those folders may vary depending on the chosen data source.

22. Click on the Reporters folder. A selection box appears on the right. Selecting Reporters

23. Now, click on the Products folder. The product selection panel appears. Advanced Query offers many possibilities for selecting Products. To get results, you have to use nomenclatures available for the selected reporter(s).

24. Selecting Partners Now, click on the Partner Countries folder. The selection panel appears. It is the same as the one we ve seen for selecting Reporters.

26. Custom Query – submission Further options before submitting MFN rates (default), Bound Rates and/or Effectively Applied (preferential) rates Latest available year for each reporter country Substitution of unavailable year with the nearest available year Breakdown of country groups

27. Question: –Investigate the existence of tariff peaks and tariff escalation in country group A (USA, Canada, EU and Japan) on silk products originating in developing countries Steps: –Create country aggregates (group A, developing countries) –Create product aggregates (raw, semi finished, finished silk) Go to WITSTariff peaks Tariff escalation Hypothetical Example: Tariff peaks and escalation

28. Raw Yarn Woven Finished Incidence of Tariff Peaks

29. Raw silkSilk yarn Woven silk Finished silk Silk Tariff Escalation (Weighted Average Tariffs)

30. Part I : Trade statistics – Data extraction tools – Example: tariff peaks and escalation Part II: Trade liberalization simulations – The model: assumptions, parameters, results – Example Contents

32. Tariff Change Simulation Results of Simulation -First round effect of tariff reduction -No time horizon -No cost of structural adjustment

39. How to Install WITS Register at http://wits.worldbank.org/witsweb Receive userid and password via e-mail Download installation file from http://wits.worldbank.org/install.htm Install

40. CONTACT Trade Information Section UNCTAD/DITC/TAB Palais des Nations 1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland E-mail: wits@unctad-trains.org Fax: +41 22 917 0247

41. ITC Market Access Map What it is and Who for (1) Making tariffs and market access barriers transparent Tariffs and market access measures at the bilateral level for 170 countries Products are described at the national tariff line level

42. ITC Market Access Map What it is and Who for (2) Designed to support exporters, importers, trade promoters, policy analysts and trade negotiators Can be used to find a tariff and to compare with competitors Advanced features to prepare for trade negotiations by simulating the effects of tariff reductions

43. Market Access Map Features (1) MFN tariffs as well as multilateral, regional and bilateral preferences Bound tariffs Tariff-quotas: multilateral and bilateral Anti-dumping duties Rules of Origin and Certificates of Origin

44. Market Access Map Features (2) Trade flows Tariffs: ad valorem, specific and ad valorem equivalents of the specific tariffs Analysis: Tariff aggregation at any sectoral and regional level Tariff reduction simulations: using various formulae

47. Agricultural Market Access Database Data Coverage (1) Market Access Commitments –WTO Tariff Schedules: bound rate –WTO TRQ Schedules Market Access Implementation –TRQ Notifications –Applied Tariffs

48. Agricultural Market Access Database Data Coverage (2) Analytical Tables –Comparison of In and Over Quota Tariff Rates –Comparison of TRQ Schedule and Notification Supplemental Data –FAO Supply and Consumption Data –Imports from UN Trade Data System –World Import Unit Values