1. First Part WTO Pre to Current History
Dr. Badri Pokhrel
Joint Secretary
Ministry of Commerce and Supplies

2. Outlines Glimpse of World economy History Great Depression of 1930s
World War 1st and 2nd
Marshall Plan
Bretton Woods Conference
ITO GATT
WTO, Its objectives
Scope

3. World Economy Capitalistic domination
Multi-National companies are more powerful rather than individual countries
Globalization
Inter dependency
New growing economy
However, some pre-dominant factors/Products

4. Eco-Political great events
Glimpse of World economy
(Laissez faire to State Controlled)
Advent of Keynes
(Classical/Neoclassical to Modern)
Fall of Soviet Union
(End of Cold War)

5. Search of Safety rooms LDC,s
Military Alliences-NATO, SEATO,(Western block) and Warsaw Pact (Soviet-block)
Panchasheel/NAM
Concept of Self Sustain
Bilateral Strengthen
Protection of regional umbrella
(ADB,SAARC,BIMSTEC)

6. Important events/Eve of WTO
1944-Bretton Woods Conference for WB, IMF and ITO
Countries contracting parties signed in Hawana on GATT
(Allternative to ITO)
Passed Through various rounds of negotiation: annecy (France), Torquay (UK), Tokyo (Japan), Punta del Este (Uruguay), Montreal (Canada), Brussels (Belgium) and Marrakesh (Morocco)

7. Eve to WTO The GATT Trade Rounds 1947 Geneva :Tariffs
1949 Annecy :Tariffs
1951 Torquay :Tariffs
1956 Geneva :Tariffs
1960/61 Geneva(Dillion Round):Tariffs

8. Contd.
1964/67 Geneva (Kennedy Round) :Tariffs and Anti-dumping measures
Geneva (Tokyo) Round :Tariffs, non Tariff measures, Framework agreements.
Geneva (Uruguay Round) :Tariffs non Tariff measures, Rules, Services, IPR, Dispute Settlement, Textile, Agricultural, Creation of WTO etc.
1995 Establishment of WTO (1995 Jan 1)

9. Objectives of WTO Raising Standard of Living Ensuring Full employment
Expanding the production of goods and Services
Promoting Sustainable development
Through expanding the production of Trade in goods and services while allowing for the optimal use of the world’s resources
Protecting and preserving the environment.

10. Principles of WTO Rule based trade Trade Without discrimination MFN
National Treatment
Freer Trade, gradually through negotiation
Predictability, Through Binding and Transparency
Promoting fair competition
Encouraging development and economic reform
Reciprocity

11. Key Functions of WTO Administer and Implement Trade Agreements
Provide forum for Trade negotiation
Handle Trade disputes independently
Monitor Trade Policies of the member countries
Coordinate for TA and Cooperation with other agencies

12. Scope of WTO Trade in goods Trade in Service
Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights.

13. WTO Organization
Ministerial Conference

14. Membership System Signatory Countries untill Uruguay round
Agreed countries from accession committee
Total member -153
LDCs -32 out of 49
First from accession –Nepal
Up to Uruguay Round -123

15. How to Define WTO
It is neither a bird, nor a plane and nor a superman- But –it is-
An organization for liberalizing Trade
a Forum for government to negotiation
trade agreement
a place for settle trade disputes
a system of trade rules

16. Nepal and WTO /A wish of Benefit
Access in global market
MFN
National Treatment
Competition exercise
Availability of International forum
LDCs’ facilities

17. Thank You