1. Events Leading to the Civil War

2. What four factors caused the development of sectional tensions in the first half of the 19th century?
1) Competing economic interests
2) Westward expansion
3) Slavery
4 Debates over the nature of the Union

3. What war resulted from the United States’ failure to work out a settlement acceptable to both the “free North” and “slave South”?
The Civil War

4. Industrial economy (manufacturing)
What type of economy did the Northern states develop during the first half of the 19th century?
Industrial economy (manufacturing)

5. What type of taxes did the Northern states favor?
Protective Tariffs

6. What was the purpose of high protective tariffs?
To protect Northern manufacturers from foreign competition

7. What are protective tariffs?
Taxes on imports that are so high Americans cannot afford to buy foreign goods

8. What type of economy did the Southern states develop?
Agricultural economy
Farming

9. What was the South’s position on high protective tariffs?
Against them

10. Why did the South oppose high protective tariffs?
Because they made the price of imported manufactured goods much more expensive

11. Who were the abolitionists?
People who wanted to end slavery immediately

12. Name one important abolitionist leader.
William Lloyd Garrison

13. What was the name of the antislavery newspaper published in Boston?
The Liberator

14. What region’s religious leaders became active in the abolitionist movement?
New England

15. Who wrote the novel Uncle Tom’s Cabin?
Harriet Beecher Stowe

16. What kind of novel was Uncle Tom’s Cabin?
An antislavery novel
Showed the cruelties of African-American slavery

17. What two slave rebellions took place in Virginia?
Gabriel’s Rebellion
Nat Turner’s Rebellion

18. Where was Gabriel’s Rebellion?
Richmond, Virginia

19. Where was Nat Turner’s Rebellion?
Southampton County, Virginia

20. Who proposed the Missouri Compromise?
Henry Clay

21. What were the three parts of the Missouri Compromise?

22. Missouri became a slave state.
Maine became a free state.
The Louisiana Territory was divided at the 36º 30´ latitude line. North of this line must be free, while South of this line could be slave.

23. Why was it important to Congress to keep the number of slave and free states equal?
To keep the Senate evenly divided between the slave South and the free North

24. What important event happened in California in 1849?
The Gold Rush

25. Who proposed the Compromise of 1850?
Henry Clay

26. Who has been called “the Great Compromiser?”
Henry Clay

27. What were the four parts of the Compromise of 1850?

28. California became a free state.
Stronger fugitive slave law
Created the New Mexico and Utah territories with popular sovereignty to decide the issue of slavery in both
Abolished the slave trade, but not slavery itself, in Washington, D.C.

29. What region hated the Fugitive Slave Act?
The North

30. What is a bill?
A proposed law

31. What is an act?
A law

32. Who proposed the Kansas-Nebraska Act?
Stephen Douglas

33. What were the three parts of the Kansas-Nebraska Act?

34. Created two new territories, Kansas and Nebraska
Popular sovereignty would decide the issue of slavery in both Kansas and Nebraska
Since both Kansas and Nebraska were north of the Missouri Compromise line, the Kansas-Nebraska Act repealed the Missouri Compromise.

35. Define popular sovereignty.
the people would vote on whether they wanted slavery in their territory or state

36. What does it mean to repeal a law?
Do away with the law
Get rid of the law
It’s no longer a law

37. How did most abolitionists and Northerners feel about the Kansas-Nebraska Act?
Believed it betrayed the Missouri Compromise’s promise that land north of 36º 30´ would be forever free

38. What effect did the Kansas-Nebraska Act have on Kansas?
Caused bloody fighting between pro-slavery and antislavery forces

39. What were the two major results of the Kansas-Nebraska Act?
1) Bleeding Kansas
2) Formation of the Republican Party

40. What was the basic belief of the Republican Party?
Prohibit the spread of slavery in the western territories

41. How did the Supreme Court rule in the Dred Scott case?
Ruled the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional

42. Why did the Dred Scott decision anger Northerners?
Overturned Northern efforts to limit the spread of slavery in the western territories

43. What part of the Compromise of 1850 did Northerners hate the most?
The Fugitive Slave Law

44. What did the Fugitive Slave Law require?
Slaves who escaped to free states would be forcibly returned to their owners in the South.

45. In what type of rights did Southerners strongly believe?
States’ rights

46. What two rights did Southerners insist the states possessed?
The right to nullify a federal law
The right to secede from the Union

47. What did Southerners argue states could do to federal laws they did not like?
Nullify them

48. What did it mean for a state to nullify a federal law?
Void it
Do away with it
It would no longer be a law in that state

49. What did it mean for a state to secede from the Union?
Withdraw from the Union
Leave the Union