1. Socio-cultural diversity and national integration
Anil Kumar Gupta

2. Coverage
Social structure and social systems
Socio-cultural diversity profile
Diversity and service delivery
Diversity as an asset
Diversity dynamism
Diversity management and national integration
Nation, nationality and social bond

3. Social Structure and Social Systems
What is structure?
What is system?

4. Social Structure and Social Systems
Social structure refers to:
A) statuses and roles
B) a value
C) the way the units of a group or society relate to one another

5. Social Structure and Social Systems
Which of the following is a unit of the social structure?
A) a status
B) group, institution, association and organization
C) all of the above

6. Social Structure and Social Systems
An organization means
A) co-ordination of social relationships
B) co-ordination of parts
C) certain positions

7. Social Structure and Social Systems
State whether the following statements are true or false:
A) A social system is an orderly and systematic arrangement of social interaction
B) Social system has no sub-system

8. Social Structure and Social Systems
State whether the following statements are true or false:
A) Social system is not based on interaction of plurality
B) Social system is unrelated to cultural system
C) There is a functional relationship between the parts of a social system

10. Socio-Cultural Diversity Profile

11. Sex Composition
Sources: CBS, 2001 and 2011

12. Age Composition
Sources: CBS, 2001 and 2011

13. Urban/Rural Population
Census Year
Urban Centers
Urban Pop (%)
Rural Pop (%)
1961 16
3.6
96.4
1971
4.0 96
1981 23
6.4
93.6
1991 33
9.2
90.8
2001 58
13.9
86.1
2011
17.1
82.9
Sources: CBS, 2001 and 2011
Metropolitan City = 6
Sub- metropolitan City = 11
Municipality = 276
Rural Municipality = 460
Source: MOFALD, 2017 (www.

14. Ethnic/Caste Composition
Groups
1991 (%)
2001(%)
2011 (%)
Chhetri
16.05
15.8
16.6
Hill Brahmin 13
12.7
12.2
Magar
7.2
7.1
Tharu
6.5
6.8
6.6
Tamang
5.8
5.6
Newar 5
Kami
5.2 4
4.8
Yadav
4.1
Musalman
3.5
4.3
4.4
Rai Kiranti 3
2.8
2.3
Sources: CBS, 2001 and 2011

15. Religion Composition Religion 1991 2001 2011 Hindu 86.51 80.62 81.3
Buddhist
7.78
10.74 9
Islam
3.53
4.2
4.4
Kirat
1.72
3.6
3.1
Christian
0.17
0.45
1.4
Sources: CBS, 2001 and 2011

16. Language Composition Language 1991 2001 2011 Nepali 50.31 48.61 44.6
Maithali
11.85
12.30
11.7
Bhojpuri
7.46
7.53
5.9
Tharu
5.37
5.86
5.77
Tamang
4.89
5.19
5.11
Newar
3.73
3.63
3.2
Bajjika -
1.05
2.99
Urdhu
1.09
0.77
2.61
Doteli
2.97
Sources: CBS, 2001 and 2011

17. Education Composition
Population aged 6 years and above
Sex
1991 (%)
2001(%)
2011 (%)
Male
54.5
65.5
75.2
Female
25.0
42.8
57.4
Total
39.6
54.1
66.0
Locations
Male (%)
Female (%)
Total (%)
Maximum (Kathmandu) 92 80 86
Minimum (Rautahat) 51 32 42
Sources: CBS, 2001 and 2011

18. Sources: Nepal National Governance Survey 2017/18 [NNGS, 2017/18]
Diversity and Service Delivery Attempts made (single attempt or otherwise) to receive services
Sources: Nepal National Governance Survey 2017/18 [NNGS, 2017/18]

19. Diversity and Service Delivery Attempts made (single attempt or otherwise) to receive services
Source: NNGS, 2017/18

20. Diversity and Service Delivery Attempts made (single attempt or otherwise) to receive services
Source: NNGS, 2017/18

21. Diversity and Service Delivery People’s perception on accessing services
Source: NNGS, 2017/18

22. Diversity and Service Delivery People’s perception on accessing services
Source: NNGS, 2017/18

23. Diversity and Service Delivery People’s perception on accessing services
Source: NNGS, 2017/18

24. Diversity and Service Delivery People’s perception on service providers
Source: NNGS, 2017/18

25. Diversity and Service Delivery People’s perception on service providers
Source: NNGS, 2017/18

26. Diversity and Service Delivery People’s perception on service providers
Source: NNGS, 2017/18

27. Diversity and Service Delivery People’s perception on integrity and accountability environment in government office
Source: NNGS, 2017/18

28. Diversity and Service Delivery People’s perception on integrity and accountability environment in government office
Source: NNGS, 2017/18

29. Diversity and Service Delivery People’s perception on integrity and accountability environment in government office
Source: NNGS, 2017/18

30. Diversity and Service Delivery People’s perception on level of satisfaction
Source: NNGS, 2017/18

31. Diversity and Service Delivery People’s perception on level of satisfaction
Source: NNGS, 2017/18

32. Diversity and Service Delivery People’s perception on level of satisfaction
Source: NNGS, 2017/18

33. Diversity and Service Delivery Prevalence of bribing among those who accessed a public service
Percentages of those who were asked for and/or paid a bribe, or who have a family member who was asked for and/or paid a bribe, in the last 12 months among those who accessed a public service
Source: NNGS, 2017/18

34. Different Schools of Thought
Diversity as a problem
Diversity as an asset
Exercise
Work in group/pair
You will get 7 minutes
Present in plenary

35. Diversity Dynamism
Game: D & D

36. Diversity Management and National Integration
Exclusion: an obstacle to open and healthy communication between different ethnic, linguistic, religious, and cultural group
Is inclusion the ending of exclusion, or much more than that.
Assimilation/Integration
Exclusionary inclusion, assimilationist inclusion and multicultural inclusion

37. Diversity Management and National Integration
Representation and participation
Improving social and economic life of people in social and political system
Equitable society where economic equality, prosperity, and social justice prevail
Recognition of diverse cultures and group identities
Integration by changing the existing social, economic, political and legal system

38. Nation, Nationality and Social Bond
Dividers Vs Connectors

39. Nation, Nationality and Social Bond
System and Institutions Vs System and Institutions

40. Nation, Nationality and Social Bond
Attitudes and Actions Vs Attitudes and Action

41. Nation, Nationality and Social Bond
Different Values and Interests Vs Shared Values and Interests

42. Nation, Nationality and Social Bond
Different Experiences Vs Common Experience

43. Nation, Nationality and Social Bond
Symbols and Occasions Vs Symbols and Occasions

44. Nation, Nationality and Social Bond
Political
Social
Economic
Psychological

45. Issues in National Integration
Under-representation
Discrimination on different ground
Illiteracy
Regional disparities/uneven development process
Social inequalities
Regionalism
International domination and ideology

46. Factors Promoting National Integration “united we stand but divided we fall"
Constitutional provisions
Governmental initiatives
Democracy
Nation, nationality and binding factors
Strengthening state-people interface
Strengthening multiculturalism
Reducing inequality – vertical and horizontal
Promoting balanced development
Respecting social and cultural diversity

48. Thank you