1. the causes of Heart Disease and methods of preventions
Team Diversity –
Names of Team Members
April 8, 2005

2. Purpose We would like to explain: -what heart disease is
-how it is caused
-and how to prevent it

3. Coronary Heart Disease
Did you know?
Coronary Heart Disease
accounts for 45% of all deaths today
American men age 45 – 65 have the highest rate for heart disease

4. What causes Heart Disease?
If a person has high cholesterol, cholesterol is deposited in the arteries in the form of plaque that causes blockages.
If the blockages are severe, the heart is starved of blood and a heart attack occurs.

5. What are proteins? Polymers of amino acids
20 α-amino acids required to make proteins
10 essential amino acids needed in a diet
10 amino acids synthesized by the body

6. What do proteins do?
Compose much of the physical body (hair and fingernails)
Basis for enzymes, which are the catalysts for chemical reactions in the body (body temperature)
Controls cellular activity and hormones
Transport substances from organ to organ (oxygen in lungs to blood)

7. Complete vs. Incomplete
Complete = essential amino acids needed for conversion into human protein (ex. – meat, fish, dairy)
Incomplete = lack some amino acids needed to build human protein
Two incomplete proteins can be combined to provide the essential amino acid
Corn and beans in Mexico

8. Lipoproteins Lipoproteins – proteins that combine with lipids
Lipids - fatty, water-insoluble molecules
Have water-soluble coat for transporting cholesterol.
NOT cholesterol, but they contain cholesterol.

9. A Lipoprotein -

10. Two Types of Lipoproteins
LDL = Low Density Lipoprotein
(rich in cholesterol)
“bad cholesterol”
HDL = High Density Lipoprotein
(rich in protein)
“good cholesterol”
Low HDL + High LDL = high risk of heart disease

11. Food Certification Program
Requirements:
Low in fat
Low in saturated fat
Low in cholesterol
Sodium value of less than or equal to 480 milligrams in a single item

12. Samples of Manufacturers
Kellogg’s Nutri-grain bars
Starkist Tuna
Dannon Yogurt
Quaker Oats

13. American Heart Association
Recommendations for a heart-healthy diet:
Sample a variety of fish twice weekly (preferably rich in omega-3)
Lean meat
Fish
Skinless poultry
Dry beans
Eggs
Nuts
Fat-free or low-fat yogurt
Cheese
Milk
Whole grains

14. Yoplait Yogurt Two servings per day can help lower cholesterol
Plant sterols are added to lower cholesterol.
Extracted from vegetable oil.
Can inhibit cholesterol from being absorbed in small intestine.

15. Dark Chocolate Can reduce mild blood pressure
Must balance the extra calories by eating other (healthy) things
Is a potent antioxidant
Milk chocolate does not have any effect
Eating dark chocolate and drinking dairy negates its positive effects

16. Soy
Can be a good substitute for animal products  offers a “complete” protein profile.
Animal products also contain all amino acids but they also contain saturated fat, which soy does not; soy contains lower levels of cholesterol.
Soy is rich in fiber, vitamin B, calcium, omega-3

17. Additional Ways to Prevent Heart Disease
Avoid external stresses
Maintain a common sense diet
Avoid all processed foods labeled “low-fat”
Consume high-quality animal products
Do not smoke
Exercise regularly
Avoid being overweight
Don’t work too hard

18. More ways to prevent Heart Disease
Avoid exposure to fumes, chemicals, pesticides, and pollutants
Ensure sufficient mineral intake by using WHOLE dairy products
Supplement the diet with foods rich in vitamins

19. Sources
American Heart Association. 4 April <
Baird, C; Gloffke, W. Chemistry in Your Life, 1st ed.; W.H. Freeman and Company: New York, NY, 2003; pp
“Dark Chocolate May Be Healthier.” BBC News 27 August April 2005 <
Fallon, S; Enig, M.G., The Weston A. Price Foundation, <
Henkel, John. “Soy: Health Claims for Soy Protein, Questions About Other Components.” FDA Consumer Magazine May-June April <
Warner, Jennifer. “Dark Chocolate May Lower Blood Pressure.” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition March 2005: vol pp. 4 April <
Yoplait Healthy Heart Frequently Asked Questions. 4 April <