1. 19 - 20 October 2010 Paper – A Sustainable Business Engineered Water Treatment Solutions

2. Treatment of Recycled Paper Mill Effluent using Membrane Bioreactors Nampak Tissue Case-Study Wade Edwards*, Peet Zeelie, Marshall Sheldon Engineered Water Treatment Solutions www.atl-hydro.com

3. Global water crisis – 40% supply/demand gap by 2030 Agricultural demand - decrease from 71% - 65% of overall demand Domestic demand - decrease from 14% - 12% of overall demand Industrial demand – INCREASE from 16% - 22% of overall demand Economic Evaluation: Water Reuse and Recycle www.atl-hydro.com

4. 18% supply/demand gap by 2030 (historical trend) 30% supply/demand gap by 2030 (climate change) National Green Drop initiative – 3% of WWTPs are 90% compliant 70% increase in cost of water in past 5 years 6,000Ml per month of polluted industrial effluent is discharged Cost-to-industry R760 million/year South African Situation www.atl-hydro.com 20% 13%

5. Physical Biological Cleaner Production Technical Solutions & Strategies www.atl-hydro.com

6. Compliance with discharge standards Reduction in effluent discharge tariffs Reduction in fresh water consumption Integration with Cleaner Production & Waste Minimisation www.atl-hydro.com Economic Viability Assessment

7. Raw effluent R583,000 Treated effluent R258,000 CAPEX R6,000,000 OPEX R12,000/month RoI 18 months Company – Simba Chips, Bellville Contractor – Project Assignments Water recycle - No www.atl-hydro.com Economic Viability Assessment

8. Biological Treatment AerobicAnaerobic Suspended Growth Fixed Film Trickling filter Fluidized Bed BAF Reed Beds Suspended GrowthFixed Film Anaerobic filter Fluidized Bed Submerged anaerobic filter Anaerobic Contact process UASBABR Sludge digestion SAFRBCMBBR Activated sludge Aerated lagoons Ponds PACT Contact stabilisation Membrane bioreactors BNRSBRDeep shaft A2OA2OUCTVIPMLEBardenphoStep feed?? IC Biological Treatment Processes

9. ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° Mechanical pre-treatment Activated sludge tank Submerged MBR ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° DenitrificationNitrification Wastewater Cleaned Wastewater B ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° Activated sludge tank DenitrificationNitrification Pre-clarification Mechanical pre-treatment Secondary clarificationDisinfection WastewaterCleaned Wastewater Conventional activated sludge Submerged MBR ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° Mechanical pre-treatment Activated sludge tank Sidestream MBR Wastewater Cleaned Wastewater A Sidestream MBR www.atl-hydro.com Membrane Bioreactor Process

10. 1 2 3 4 7 6 5 www.atl-hydro.com Membrane Bioreactor Process

11. OPEX OLR = 3,000kg BOD/day C:N:P ratio = 100 : 0.3 : 0.08 Q = 1.2Ml/d N supp. = R645,000 / year P supp. = R235,500 / year R880,500 / year C:N:P ratio 100:10:1 www.atl-hydro.com Process Design Considerations

12. PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PARAMETERS INORGANIC COMPOSITION DESIGN PARAMETERS BOD/COD ratio = ±0.85 COD/BOD ratio = 1.15 OLR = 3,000kg BOD/d SO 4 /COD ratio = 0.15 C:N:P ratio = 100 : 0.3 : 0.08 C:N:P ratio = 100 : 10 : 1 Q = 1.2Ml/d www.atl-hydro.com Summary – Effluent Composition

13. ANOXIC ANAEROBIC AEROBIC KEY: FEED ANAEROBICANOXICAEROBIC MEMBRANE FILTRATION PRODUCT EGSB Modified Ludzack-Ettinger (MLE) 5Q RECYCLE Process Design Strategy 2 1 12 3 4 43 5 5 6 6

14. Piloting – Anaerobic & MBR Anaerobic pre-treatment Aerobic MBR post-treatment 70% COD reduction START-UP 98% COD reduction MBR DURATION

15. Pilot Plant – NF & RO Nanofiltration polishing Reverse osmosis polishing 99.1% COD reduction 98.8% Ca reduction 98.6% HCO 3 reduction 99.7% COD reduction 98.9% Ca reduction 96.5% HCO 3 reduction

16. Process Design – Side-stream MBR www.atl-hydro.com

17. Process Design – Immersed MBR www.atl-hydro.com

18. MBR Market Distribution & Segmentation www.atl-hydro.com

19. MBR – Cost of Operation www.atl-hydro.com 91% decrease in OPEX

20. Anaerobic Process Design – UASB/IC www.atl-hydro.com UASB/EGSB / IC

21. Anaerobic Process Design – ABR www.atl-hydro.com Anaerobic Baffled Reactor

22. Economic Viability Assessment NOTE: Anaerobic gas content = 75.5% CH 4 Maximum CH 4 production is 0.35Nm 3 CH 4 per kg COD removed Calorific heat value of methane = 32MJ/Nm 3 CH 4 1kWh = 3.6MJ 70% Anaerobic COD removal efficiency & methane production (75.5% CH 4 ) Net 3,000kWh/d (22,500MJ/d) Net 4,000kWh/d (27,400MJ/d) 85%

23. Process Segmentation - Anaerobic www.atl-hydro.com

24. Process Segmentation - Anaerobic Anaerobic systems per sector Anaerobic system type distribution www.atl-hydro.com

25. Conclusions ANAEROBIC PRE-TREATMENT Reduces biological loading on MBR – 70% COD reduction Lowers energy requirements, operating costs, and sludge production 0.35Nm 3 CH 4 /kg COD removed; 32MJ/Nm 3 CH 4 MEMBRANE BIOREACTOR MBR – 98% overall COD reduction; 99% TSS reduction Integrated pre-treatment for NF or RO EFFLUENT POLISHING (NF & RO) 95% overall TDS reduction; 98% Ca reduction; 96% HCO 3

26. Conclusions Annual potable water intake costs Annual effluent discharge costs Potable 1.0Ml/day – R3.3 million/yr Effluent 1.0Ml/day – R2.5 million/yr Potable 2.0Ml/day – R3,3 million/yr Effluent 2.0Ml/day – R6.6 million/yr CAPEX – ROI of 3 years OPEX savings – 85%

27. Acknowledgements Water Research Commission of South Africa Nampak Tissue

28. Engineered Water Treatment Solutions www.atl-hydro.com Thank you Dr Wade Edwards Managing Director +27 (0) 83 441 0450 wade.edwards@atl-hydro.com Dr Marshall Sheldon Director of Operations +27 (0) 72 485 3171 marshall.sheldon@atl-hydro.com