1. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Biology
Biology
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

2. 13–4 Applications of Genetic Engineering
Photo credit: ©Anup Shah/Dembinsky Photo Associates
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

3. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Transgenic Organisms
Transgenic Organisms
An organism described as transgenic, contains genes from other species.
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

4. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Transgenic Organisms
How are transgenic organisms useful to human beings?
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

5. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Transgenic Organisms
Genetic engineering has spurred the growth of biotechnology.
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

6. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Transgenic Organisms
Transgenic Microorganisms
Transgenic bacteria produce important substances useful for health and industry. Transgenic bacteria have been used to produce:
insulin
growth hormone
clotting factor
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

7. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Transgenic Organisms
Transgenic Animals
Transgenic animals have been used to study genes and to improve the food supply.
Mice have been produced with human genes that make their immune systems act similarly to those of humans. This allows scientists to study the effects of diseases on the human immune system.
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

8. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Transgenic Organisms
Researchers are trying to produce transgenic chickens that will be resistant to the bacterial infections that can cause food poisoning.
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

9. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Transgenic Organisms
Transgenic Plants 
Transgenic plants are now an important part of our food supply.
Many of these plants contain a gene that produces a natural insecticide, so plants don’t have to be sprayed with pesticides.
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

10. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Cloning
Cloning
A clone is a member of a population of genetically identical cells produced from a single cell.
In 1997, Ian Wilmut cloned a sheep called Dolly.
Dolly and Bonnie
The adult sheep is Dolly, the first mammal cloned from an adult cell. The lamb is Dolly’s first offspring, called Bonnie. The fact that Dolly was cloned did not affect her ability to produce a live offspring. Photo Credit: PA News
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

11. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Cloning
Cloning Dolly
Donor Nucleus
Fused cell
Egg Cell
In early 1997, Dolly made headlines as the first clone of an adult mammal. 
Embryo
Cloned Lamb
Foster Mother
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

12. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Cloning
Cloning Dolly
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

13. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Cloning
Cloning Dolly
In early 1997, Dolly made headlines as the first clone of an adult mammal. 
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

14. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Cloning
Cloning Dolly
In early 1997, Dolly made headlines as the first clone of an adult mammal. 
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

15. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Cloning
Cloning Dolly
In early 1997, Dolly made headlines as the first clone of an adult mammal. 
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

16. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Cloning
Cloning Dolly
In early 1997, Dolly made headlines as the first clone of an adult mammal. 
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

17. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Cloning
Cloning Dolly
In early 1997, Dolly made headlines as the first clone of an adult mammal. 
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

18. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Cloning
Researchers hope cloning will enable them to make copies of transgenic animals and help save endangered species.
Studies suggest that cloned animals may suffer from a number of genetic defects and health problems.
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

19. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
13–4
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

20. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
13–4
Insulin-dependent diabetes can now be treated with insulin produced through the use of
transgenic plants.
transgenic animals.
transgenic microorganisms.
transgenic fungi.
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

21. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
13–4
Transgenic tobacco plants that glow in the dark were produced by transferring the gene for luciferase from a
clone.
bacterium.
firefly.
jellyfish.
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

22. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
13–4
The first mammal to be cloned was a
sheep.
horse.
dog.
cat.
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

23. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
13–4
In producing a cloned animal, an egg cell is taken from a female and its nucleus is removed. A body cell is taken from a male. The clone from this experiment will
look just like the female.
be genetically identical to the male.
have a mixture of characteristics from both animals.
resemble neither the male nor the female.
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

24. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
13–4
Animals produced by cloning have been shown to
all be perfectly healthy.
suffer from a number of health problems.
live longer than uncloned animals.
be less intelligent than uncloned animals.
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

25. END OF SECTION