1. Reconstruction

2. During Reconstruction:
Freedmen (former slaves) and African- Americans gained new rights.
13th Amendment officially ended slavery
14th Amendment granted African- Americans citizenship
15th Amendment gave African- American men the right to vote.

3. Ways those rights were denied:
Ku Klux Klan formed; threats and violence used to prevent southern blacks from exercising these rights. Literacy Tests must be passed in order to vote. Poll taxes must be paid in order to vote. Grandfather clause ensures white men will not have to take the test or pay the tax.

5. Jim Crow Laws: Government supported oppression of African- Americans.
State and local laws enforcing racial segregation in the Southern United States. Enacted after the Reconstruction period, these laws continued in force until 1965.

6. Sharecropping
 A system of agriculture in which a landowner allows a tenant to use the land in return for a share of the crops produced on their portion of land.