1. Acid & Bases Review Notes
Wednesday, May 9th, 2018

2. Acid/Base Venn Diagram

3. Three Acid/Base Theories
complete the chart and put in your notebook
Arrhenius - H+ and OH- production in water
Acid – produces H+ in water
HCl + H2O → H3O + + Cl-
or dissociation equation: HCl (aq) → H + (aq) + Cl- (aq)
Base – produces OH- in water
dissociation equation: NaOH (aq) → Na + (aq) + OH- (aq)

4. Bronsted – Lowry – proton transfer between reactants
Acid – donates a proton
Base – accepts a proton   
HF  + NH3  →   NH4 +  +  F-
    acid           base

5. Lewis – electron pair transfer between reactants
Acid – accepts electron pair
Base – shares electron pair
H+  + :NH3  →   NH4 +          
acid           base

6. Why are these called acids and bases? Why do they cause a color change?
They deviate from the natural water ion concentration
            Salt in water:    NaCl (aq)   Na+ (aq)   +  Cl- (aq)
Water forms ions – self ionization! H2O  H + + OH-
Hydrogen ion [H +]      vs        hydronium ion [H3O +]
      (proton)
Transferred in Exists in aq solutions
A/B rxn         

7. Which of the following substances are acidic, basic or neutral?
H2O   H +  +  OH-
Water is neutral because for Water [H+]=[OH-] 
both = 1.0 x 10-7M
Acid  or acidic solution – [H+] > [OH-] 
[H+] > 1.0 x 10-7M
Base or alkaline solution (basic) - [H+] < [OH-] 
[H+] < 1.0 x 10-7M
Which of the following substances are acidic, basic or neutral?
a) A solution with  [H+] = 1.0 x 10-3M
b) A solution with  [H+] = 1.9 x 10-8M
c) A solution of salt and water

8. How Do you Characterize Acids and Bases?
pH scale – a measure used to report the acidity of a solution
Range 0 to 14

10. Indicators - chemical substances that change color based on pH

11. Indicators - chemical substances that change color based on pH

12. BTB Demo

13. Ocean Acidification