1. Quick Quiz List the 6 continua for skills classification
Identify 3 factors that affect the classification of a skill
Give a sporting example of an open skill
Give an example of a discrete skill
Give an example of a complex skill
Give an example of an externally paced skill
Classify triple jump using all of the continua
Classify dribbling in football using all of the continua
Classify a set shot in basketball using all of the continua

2. Psychological factors affecting performance2
Psychological factors affecting performance
Skill acquisition
Types and methods of practice

3. Learning Objectives Learning Objective:
Understand the different types an methods of practice
Learning Outcomes:
All: Describe the types and methods of practice
Most: Give sporting of the types and methods of practice
Some: Evaluate the use of the different types and methods of practice

4. TASK: Watch the video and take notes on the different types of practice, how they are best used and the advantages and disadvantages of each .
Types of practice video – whole, whole-part-whole, progressive-part practice
Practice methods video – massed, distributed, varied, fixed

5. Key Terms Part practice Whole practice Whole-part-whole practice
Progressive-part practice
Massed practice
Distributed practice
Fixed practice
Varied practice

6. Key Terms
Part practice – breaking down the skill into its constituent sub-routines, forms a stage of the whole-part-whole practice.
Whole practice – teaching the skills as a complete action
Whole-part-whole practice – you tech the entire skills, practice areas of the skill that is usually the weakest, and then recombine this back into the complete skill.
Progressive-part practice - also known as the chaining method, as the parts of a skill are practised individually, in order, before being linked together and expanded. This is slow process but allows weaknesses to be targeted and for the performer to understand the relationship of the sub-routines.
Massed practice – this is a continuous form of practice which is best for simple skills. This causes fatigue and therefore simulates the late stages of the game.
Distributed practice – attempts at the skill are divided up with intervals in between to allow for rest, feedback and mental rehearsal. This is best used in difficult, dangerous or fatiguing skills and with young or lowly motivated individuals.
Fixed practice – this involves the repeated practice of a skill in order to strengthen the motor programme and create a habitual motor programme. This type of practice is best with discrete, closed skills.
Varied practice – This is used best for open skills and involves repeating a skill in differing situations. This helps to build up schema to use in game situations.

7. Part practice
Part practice – breaking down the skill into its constituent sub-routines, forms a stage of the whole-part-whole practice.
It’s often used when the skill is low in organisation and can be split up into subroutines e.g. swivel hips. Teach a seat drop and a half twist separately to gain confidence in each part.

8. Whole practice
Whole practice – teaching the skills as a complete actions.
This enables the player to get a kinaesthetic feel for the skill and transfer the practice into a real situation more positvely.

9. Whole-part-whole practice
Whole-part-whole practice – you tech the entire skills, practice areas of the skill that is usually the weakest, and then recombine this back into the complete skill.

10. Progressive-part practice
Progressive-part practice - also known as the chaining method, as the parts of a skill are practised individually, in order, before being linked together and expanded. This is slow process but allows weaknesses to be targeted and for the performer to understand the relationship of the sub-routines. This is useful if learning a routine in gymnastics, or learning the arm and leg actions in breaststroke.

11. Massed practice
Massed practice – this is a continuous form of practice which is best for simple skills. This causes fatigue and therefore simulates the late stages of the game.

12. Distributed practice
Distributed practice – attempts at the skill are divided up with intervals in between to allow for rest, feedback and mental rehearsal. This is best used in difficult, dangerous or fatiguing skills and with young or lowly motivated individuals.

13. Fixed practice
Fixed practice – this involves the repeated practice of a skill in order to strengthen the motor programme and create a habitual motor programme. This type of practice is best with discrete, closed skills.

14. Varied practice
Varied practice – This is used best for open skills and involves repeating a skill in differing situations. This helps to build up schema to use in game situations.

15. Links between skill classification and types of practice – justify what type of practice is most suitable
Gross and fine skills
Massed or fixed practice
Open and closed
Closed skills - skills- massed or fixed practice
Open skills – varied practice
Discrete, serial, continuous skills
Discrete – whole practice
Serial – whole-part-whole practice
Continuous – whole practice
Self / externally paced skills
Self-paced – fixed practices
Externally paced – varied practices
Simple and complex
Simple – fixed practice
Complex – part / progressive-part / whole-part-whole
High / low organisation
High – part practice
Low – whole practice

16. Exam Questions May 2016 2bii (4) Jan 2013 qu 2b (4)
Jan 2013 qu 2b (4)
May 2012 qu 2di (2)
May 2012 qu 2dii (4)
Jan 2012 qu 2a (4)
Describe two practice methods that would be appropriate for the skill you have identified.
Part, whole, progressive part and whole-part are all methods of practice. Describe each of these four methods of practising movement skills, giving a practical example of each.
Explain two factors which influence the selection of the most appropriate and effective practice methods to improve the performance of movement skills.
Explain when each of massed, distributed, fixed and varied physical practice methods could be used to improve the performance of movement skills
One way of classifying movement skills is to consider environmental influences. Using a practical example for each, explain why a skill is judged to be:
At the open end of the environmental influences continuum
At the closed end of the environmental influences continuum