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FIGURE Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) is a strong reducing agent and energy currency.
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FIGURE 12.2. Adenosine triphosphate, an energy currency.
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FIGURE 12.3. Diagram of a cell showing sites where the energy currencies
are interconverted.
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FIGURE 12.4. Energy flow between the currencies in a normal animal cell.
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FIGURE Currency conversion: the electron transport chain converts between NADH and the H gradient.
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FIGURE The electron transport chain comprises four large multimolecular complexes in the inner mitochondrial membrane, three of which are hydrogen ion carriers.
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FIGURE 12.7. Overview of the operation of the electron transport chain.
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FIGURE 12.8. Coenzyme Q carries two hydrogen atoms.
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FIGURE 12.9. Currency conversion: ATP synthase interconverts the H gradient and ATP.
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FIGURE 12.10. Currency conversion: the sodium-potassium
ATPase interconverts ATP and the Na gradient.
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UNFIGURE 12.2.
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UNFIGURE 12.3.
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UNFIGURE 12.4.
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FIGURE 12.11. Energy flow between the currencies in an anaerobic cell.
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