1. Cash management – Liquidity forecast
Tamás Pál Török
Head of Division

2. The Treasury System
Treasury and ÁKK carry out the central management tasks related to the financial management and financing of the budget’s implementation.
 The Treasury
participates in the liquidity management of the Treasury Single Account by agreement with ÁKK,
forecasts the evolution of the aggregate balance of the expenditures and revenues of the accounts managed, to which the daily debt management data is coming from ÁKK.
The Treasury is entitled
to provide cash management services, including the management of accounts and the execution of cashless payment transactions,
to create money electronically,
to carry out investment service activities in respect of debt securities issued by the State
to use remote access payment instruments.

3. Treasury Single Account 1.
It was set up when the Treasury was established.
HUF account, kept by the Hungarian National Bank.
Money circulation of the budget is executed through this account, incomes are arriving to this account, and expenditures are paid from here.
Benefits of TSA:
ensures effective control over budget funds;
provides faster and more complete information;
reduces financing needs;
enables more efficient debt management options;
improves the quality of fiscal data.

4. Treasury Single Account 2.
In Hungary, the TSA covers:
accounts of central budget institutions and chapters;
social security funds and separate government funds;
accounts linked to centrally managed appropriations;
finance related accounts;
accounts of regional development councils;
accounts of county governments and their offices;
accounts of public foundations;
accounts of state-owned non-profit companies;
accounts of other organizations defined in the law on public finances.
Altogether nearly 10,000 accounts  

5. Treasury Single Account 3.
TSA does not cover:
accounts of local governments and their institutions;
state-owned companies, businesses;
individuals.  
The entity responsible for liquidity management:
ÁKK;
Treasury contributes:
preparing forecasts;
running government securities sales points.

6. Liquidity management
The Treasury continuously monitors revenue developments to be able to fulfil payments. 
Treasury requires liquidity plans and financing plans on monthly basis. 
In some cases specified in Government's decree, the Treasury may advance the coverage of certain expenditures from the TSA. Prepayments may be made without any charges and interest.

7. Liquidity forecasts Treasury is responsible for:
Providing an estimate of expected revenue and expenditure:
Daily plan,
Three months in advance, 
Forecast Source:
Facts, historical data,
Financing plans, forecasts from larger institutions (based on legal obligation, or on agreement),
Pre-notification of large-scale payments

8. Structure of liquidity forecasts
Financing Needs
Financing source
Balance of the revenue and expenditure of the central budget
Balance of Social Security funds, credit needs
Balance of Separate Government Funds
Advances (EU funded agricultural subsidies, VAT advance on the development of the expressway network, year-end advances)
Debt service
Government securities issuance
Borrowing
European Union accounts
Incomes of other account holders

9. Release of funds YTD/Year-to-date allotment
Operating budget of governmental bodies.
Performance proportioned allotment
Cumulative budget of governmental bodies, chapter-managed estimates.
Modification of schedule
Institutions with temporary liquidity problems, chapter-managed estimates.
with different time-frame replacement
with non-different time-frame replacement
Appropriations increases without amendment
Exceeded appropriations

10. Payments Submission of transfer orders
Paper-based
Electronic
Prior notification of big lump sum payments
Transfers in excess of HUF 1,000 million to be announced at least 3 days in advance
Double cover test
Liquidity coverage test
Appropriation line item test
Identification of performance
Single Column headings established under the order number (ERA) and government ID are used to identify the transfer lines.

11. 1.85 mn transaction monthly
>12k accounts managed 11

12. Banking arrangements
Treasury Single Account (TSA) at Central Bank of Hungary
provision of funds for operations (performance or monthly basis):
gross expenditure – own income = net expenditure
(budgetary contribution)
liquidity management
via TSA (central government)
municipalities can hold bank accounts at commercial banks
rolling cash-flow plan (T+2 months)
data exchange to prepare overnight operations
new Accounts Management System (from 2020)
other related fields

13. Liquidity forecasting
Daily forecasts for three months
Sources:
a large amount announcements
Bottom-up information: institutional reports, commitments, financing plans
Top-down information: planning on basis of last years and main information
Liquidity Board

14. Liquidity forecasting
Others:
Continuous information exchange with Central Bank, MoF, Tax Authority and other large entities
Problems:
Large fluctuation of cash balance within a month
Lot of disbursements at the beginning of month (wages, family allowance, pension, disbursement of VAT, etc.
Incomes: in the second half of month
Difficult to plan some types of incomes (e.g.: payments from European Commission
Efficiency:
91.7 % accuracy in 2017
863 bn HUF TSA average balance in 2017
61 billion HUF average deflection

15. TSA balance and daily forecast Year 2017

16. Liquidity forecasting difficulties
Items difficult to plan with:
Schedule of EU revenues;
Institutional expenditure - in particular accumulation expenditure (Treasury does not have detailed commitment data);
Money transfers of organizations outside the treasury circle (e.g. non-profit corporations, local governments).
The Treasury does not have an integrated IT system that would support the preparation of forecasts (purchase of an IFMIS system in process).

17. Others
The Treasury provides the estimated day-to-day position of TSA for overnight repo bonds every day.
On the basis of the Treasury's daily forecasts, ÁKK not only adjusts the timing of financing, but also manages cyclical cycles within a month, primarily with repo operations.
At present, the Treasury is also managing the currency management and cash flow of the central government subsystem through the euro and dollar nostro accounts managed by the central bank. However, there is no active liquidity management on these accounts. 

18. Thank you for your attention!