1. WILBARD J. KOMBE UNIVERSITY COLLAGE OF LANDS AND ARCHITECTURAL STUDIES
CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT IN LAND A2/27/2019DMINISTRATION IN EAST AFRICA: CASE OF TANZANIA
WILBARD J. KOMBE
UNIVERSITY COLLAGE OF LANDS AND ARCHITECTURAL STUDIES
PRESENTED AT THE EXPERT GROUP MEETING OF TRANSPARENCY IN LAND ADMINISTRATION: A CAPACITY BUILDING AGENDA FOR AFRICA

2. CONTENTS Land administration (LA) definition and instruments
Land administration in Tanzania
Capacity building for LA
Employment opportunities
Emerging challenges and opportunities
Conclusion

3. I. Land administration
A process of determining, recording and disseminating of information about ownership, value and use of land when implementing land management policies. It therefore includes regulations and measures on:
The rights on land
The use of land
The value of land

4. Instruments of LA Land administration and cadastre Land adjudication
Land market regulations
Land and property valuation
Lease regulations
Land banking

5. II. Land administration in Tanzania (1)
Ministry of Lands and Human Settlements Development (MLHSD), the national institution responsible for land administration:
Mandates in Land Administration include:
Policy making in all related sub-sectors,
To advice local governments on LA matters,
Preparation and approval of land use plans, GPS, Cadastral surveys and property valuation,
Arbitration of land disputes,
Facilitate land acquisition,
Approve land use changes,
Collection of land and service taxes,

6. Most land administration activities are centralized
-cont-
Approve land transfers,
Land registration and titling,
Regularisation of informal settlements,
Training of professionals and technicians,
Mobilization of resources,
Monitoring and control.
Most land administration activities are centralized

7. Land administration in Tanzania (2)
Local governments (City, Municipal, Town and District Authorities) responsible for day to day LA including:
Preparation of (detailed land use) planning schemes,
Execution of cadastral surveys,
Property valuation,
Registration of village land titles,
Issuance of occupation license,
Collection of land rent,
Registration of properties, issuance of letters of offer, land allocation, property tax, land use development control etc,
Preparation of application for proclamation of planning areas and certificates of occupancy

8. III. Capacity building for LA
Manpower training
Professionals; Universities – UCLAS, Nairobi, Makerere etc.
Technicians; Polytechnics and Institutes - Morogoro, Tabora, Kenya Polytechnic, Survey Training School Entebe etc.

9. Interaction of disciplines involved in LA
Land use planning and development control
Land Administration
Land policy, tenure
Land use planning and allocation
Land transaction/market
Land/property valuation and taxation
Land registration and titling
Regularization of informal settlements
Land adjudication & resolution of disputes
Land / property valuation
Cartography and visualization
Land registers
Land information management & GIS
Topographic and cadastral surveys & mapping

10. Capacity Building for LA (1)
Training Institutions
Tanzania
University College of Lands and Architectural Studies – Land Surveyors, Planners and Land Valuers/Managers (PhD, MSc and BSc),
Morogoro Institute – Survey Technicians (Diploma and Certificates),
Tabora Institute – Land Management Technicians and Cartographers (Diploma and Certificates),
Kenya
University of Nairobi – Land Surveyors, Planners and Land Economists,
Kenya Polytechnic
Uganda
University of Makerere – Land Surveyors, Planners and Land Valuers and Managers
Entebe Survey Training School

11. -Training cont- Admission and duration of courses
UCLAS
Over 95% - Ex form VI secondary school levers,
Ex Form IV – technician courses,
Diploma (2 years); Certificates (1 year),
All BSc programs in LS, UP and LMV – 4 years,
MSc (LMV/UP/LS) – 2 years,
MSc by coursework – 3 years,
Semester based (15 weeks),
Integrated system-theoretical subjects and projects,
Full semester dedicated to individual project/ dissertation,
Eight weeks Industrial Training/year (1 – 3)

12. -Training cont- LA Related Courses in LMV, UP and LS
Principles of land use planning; allocation and use of land resource; property valuation; land law and taxation; land administration; reform and policy
Urban land use planning (theories and practices); strategic (participatory) planning; detailed layout planning; urban land management; land policy; Land Law; project management
Photogrammetry; remote sensing; engineering surveying; geographic information system; cartography and visualization; cadastral surveying; (land use) settlement planning; land law; computer programming.

13. -Training cont- LA graduates at UCLAS (ARDHI INSTITUTE) 1975 - 1995
Year
Discipline
Total
LMV LS UP
105 58 38
201
126 83 97
306 89 76
270 92 67 72
231
428
297
343
1068

14. -Training cont- LA graduates at UCLAS (2) 1996 - 2006
Year
Discipline
Total
LMV LS
URP 56 39 43
138
133
114
108
335
Totals
819
153
151
473

15. -Training cont- Technician level
Certificate and Diploma
Institutes produce between 50 – 60 (LS) graduates per year,
Tabora produce about 40 (LMV/Cartographers) graduates per year

16. Continuing education in LA
Short courses (2-3 weeks) organized at UCLAS – once/twice a year for middle and senior level professionals (40 – 60 candidates per year)
Short courses at Tabora and Ardhi Institute Morogoro (technicians) – once per year (30 – 40 candidates per year)
Refresher courses - Organized by ITC in Holland/ elsewhere in Africa

17. IV. Employment opportunities
Public sector Ministries (MLHSD, PMO – RALG etc.), Local Governments, and Parastatals
Private sector and employment outside the country – Namibia, South Africa and Botswana
LA graduates hardly work in or for the informal land development sector – i.e. areas lacking plans, property registers or titles

18. Current LA manpower deficits (1)
Tanzania
Current deficit in LA-related disciplines (core staff) is over 300 graduates,
Out of 12,000 villages, less than 800 have been surveyed. The demand for LS is very high,
Estimated that implementation of Land Law (SPILL) would require 1200 LA related disciplines over the next 10 years,
Over 70% of the district headquarters have no Town Planners or valuers,
Only 32 out of 162 Local Authorities have Land Surveyors
None of the over 2,400 wards country-wise including those with over 60,000 people have recruited any LA related professionals/technicians,
Most of the Ward Executive Officers or Mtaa Executive Officers have undergone courses in LA related matters

19. Projected (LA) manpower deficits (2)
Policy and legislative changes with high implications on manpower demand
Urban Planning Act (2006)
Planners Registration Act (2006)
Preparation of Land Surveying Policy – on going
Review of Land Surveying Ordinance – on going
Housing Act – on going
Regularization of Informal Settlements (Land Act, 1999)

20. V. Capacity Building for LA: Key challenges (1)
Training
Insufficient financial resources – inadequate training materials, books, ICT, journals, library, etc. (Universities & Institutes),
Inadequate access to ICT/Internet facilities,
Inadequate staff and teaching space,
Lack of funds for research,
Too long/too costly BSc and Msc LA courses,
Inadequate practical exposure (half baked graduates i.e. limited hands on the ground),
Weak inter-disciplinary collaboration (compartmentalized training of undergraduates and postgraduate),
Inadequate dosage in subjects in the curricula,
Dwindling training resources,
Lack of community outreach in LA

21. Capacity Building for LA: Key challenges (2)
Practitioners
Inadequate manpower – Professionals and technicians,
Lack of/poor e-government practices,
Inadequate working tools – equipment (including GIS software and hardware),
Poor land based information database (national and municipal levels),
Inadequate skills (competence) in ICT,
Poor working environment – poor office space, remuneration etc,
Slow recruitment and lack of succession plans,
Complex, lengthy LA procedures,
Weak internalisation of the LA system,
Meticulous cadastral surveys and stringent laws and regulations on LA

22. Capacity Building for LA: Key challenges (3)
Policy makers and bureaucrats
Little awareness on LA matters,
Unawareness & poor appreciation of modern technology in LA,
Low priority and investments in LA – related activities,
Weak coherence between sectoral vision, policies, laws and implementation instruments

23. VI. Conclusion: Capacity Building for LA
Factors restraining transparency in LA
Over centralization of LA activities (MLHSD)
Resource paucity – equipment, manpower (middle and technician) and funds
Public unawareness about LA policies, laws and procedures
Absence of update, reliable and easily retrievable information on LA matters – (land rights, land transactions, land use, etc.)
Compartmentalized information management database
Little regard to the informal land devlopment sector in LA programmes (insensitivity to poverty, equity etc in LA programmes

24. Capacity Building For LA: Way Forward
What are the priorities for training and education?
-Educate policy makers and senior government bureaucrats on LA matters (information management implied and capacity requirements)
Develop public awareness sensitization materials on LA maters – procedures, policies, actors, rights and mandates
Review post and undergraduate curricular to mainstream LA courses
Develop tailor made LA courses to train middle and technician for municipalities and wards (focus on practical LA skills and knowledge),
Initiate and strengthen community outreach/support programmes in Training institutions

25. References and sources
FIG (2006); Innovative Technology for Land Administration, Proceedings of a Symposium held by FIG Commission, 7, June 2005, University of Wisconsin, USA.
Ministry of Lands and Human Settlements Development (T); Report on Responsibilities and Mandates of the Ministry, Regional and Local Authorities (2005)-Joblist summary by Departments,
Silayo, E. (2006); Land Administration Capacity Development in Rwanda, NPT/NOR Mission,
Silayo, E. (2005), Development of Education in Land Administration in Tanzania, Presentation made at FIG Commission, 7th Annual Meeting and Symposium on Innovative Technologies for Land Administration, Madison, Wisconsin, USA, June 2005,