1. Introduction – Purpose?
Transition your reader from his/her everyday life to the context of your topic
Provide a ‘road map’ for your paper (there should be no surprises in your paper)
Engage your reader – make him/her want to read the rest

2. Introduction: Options for Hook
Introductions should catch the reader's attention with a hook
Begin with an intriguing example
Begin with a fact or statistic.
Begin with a provocative quotation from the text or from a related topic.
Begin with a puzzling scenario
Begin with an anecdote, a brief story that is related to the topic; this anecdote should be vivid and maybe even unexpected.
Begin by telling why the subject is important.
Begin with a generally accepted belief.

3. Ingredients of an Introduction
Hook
Transition (make connection) from hook to the background
Background/Context of topic
Reference to claims
Thesis

4. Writing a Developed and Detailed Conclusion
Conclusions wrap up what you have been discussing in your paper. After moving from general to specific information in the introduction and body paragraphs, your conclusion should begin pulling back into more general information that restates the main points of your argument. Conclusions may also call for action or overview future possible research. The following outline may help you conclude your paper:

5. Writing a Developed and Detailed Conclusion
In a general way,
Restate your topic and why it is important, (use FRESH langauge) 1-2 sentences
Summarize your thesis and claims, (remind the reader of how the evidence you’ve presented has contributed to your proving your thesis) 2-3 sentences (Depending on your claims)
Provide a general warning of the consequences of this violation if it continues (1-2 sentences)
Remember that once you accomplish these tasks, you are finished. Done. Complete. Simplicity is best for a clear, convincing message.