1. Session 2 - Introduction to social protection
Enhancing employers’ involvement in Social Protection policy debates
Turin, 1-4 September 2015

2. Key questions What is social security / social protection?
Why social protection is needed?
The ILO standards to realize the right to social security/protection
What are the major social protection trends of the past decades?
What is the current social protection situation?
What is the social protection floor (SPF) concept?
ILO's Recommendation No. 202
International commitments for the SPF
Why is social protection important to you?

3. What is social security/protection?
Poverty
Life cycle risks with financial consequences
Disasters and conflicts can intensify the need for social protection
Maternity
Sickness
Unemployment
Work injury
Medical care
Families with children
Invalidity
Death of the breadwinner
Old age
Life-cycle

4. What is social security/protection?
The set of measures provided by society to protect its members from:
Poverty and social exclusion
The financial consequences of ill health, sickness, disability, maternity, employment injury, unemployment, old age, or death of a family member
Insufficient family support particularly for children and adult dependants

5. What is social security/protection?
Access to social protection is a public responsibility which is typically provided through public institutions, financed from either social contributions or taxes or both
However the delivery of social protection can be and is often mandated to private entities

6. What is social security/protection?

7. Exercise 1: Social protection matrix - reflect about social protection in your country

8. Why is social protection needed? A human right
Social security and an adequate standard of living are human rights recognized in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1948, Articles 22 and 25
These rights are recognized in the Constitution of Pakistan (Article 38)

9. Why is social protection needed? An economic necessity
Source: Source: A. Mideros Mora, F. Gassmann, and P. Mohnen, 2012, Estimation of rates of return of social protection instruments in Cambodia: A case for non-contributory social transfers.

10. Why is social protection needed? An economic necessity
(2:36 – 3:40)

11. ILO’s standards to realize the right to social security/protection
ILO sets standards that lay down obligations and guidelines for ILO member States
Standards are of two types: Conventions and Recommendations
They help in drafting laws and regulations, designing and implementing social security systems

12. ILO’s standards to realize the right to social security/protection
Maternity
Sickness
Unemployment
Work injury
Medical care
Convention No. 102 covers all 9 contingencies
Families with children
Invalidity
Death of the breadwinner
Old age
Life-cycle
C 183
C 128
C 128
C 128

13. Major social protection trends Legal coverage

14. Major social protection trends Existence of social security laws

15. However huge coverage gaps
Only 12% of unemployed workers worldwide actually receive unemployment benefits.
Globally, 39% of the population is lacking coverage in health.
Nearly 50% of all people over pensionable age do not receive a pension.
50% of the world’s children live in poverty.
73% of the world population is not adequately covered.

16. The social protection floor concept
Over the life cycle all in need have
Access to essential health care
Access to basic income security
Effective access to goods and services defined as necessary at the national level
Rights-based
Life-cycle

17. The social protection floor concept
Rest of informal sector
Formal sector
Level of protection
Population
Poor
Social protection floor
Social protection system, composed of schemes and programmes (diversity)
The floor is the minimum level guaranteed at the national level; it is not an additional scheme

18. The social protection floor concept
All residents have access to essential health care, including maternity care
All children enjoy basic income security, providing access to nutrition, education, care, and any other necessary goods and services
All persons in active age who cannot earn sufficient income, enjoy basic income security, particularly in cases of sickness, unemployment, maternity, disability
All older persons have basic income security

19. SPF endorsed globally
ILO’s Recommendation on Social Protection Floors, 2012 (No. 202) was endorsed by 185 member States in June 2012 with 456 ‘yes’ votes and 1 ‘not present’
Recommendation No. 202 guides member States on establishing and maintaining nationally defined SPFs
No one size fits all approach

20. SPF endorsed globally - SDGs
Target Implement nationally appropriate social protection systems and measures for all, including floors, and by 2030 achieve substantial coverage of the poor and the vulnerable
Target Achieve universal health coverage (UHC), including financial risk protection, access to quality essential health care services, and access to safe, effective, quality, and affordable essential medicines and vaccines for all
Target Recognize and value unpaid care and domestic work through the provision of public services, infrastructure and social protection policies and the promotion of shared responsibility within the household and the family as nationally appropriate.
Target Adopt policies, especially fiscal, wage and social protection policies, and progressively achieve greater equality

21. SPF a priority for many countries
Argentina: maternity
Cabo verde: pensions
Mongolia: children
China: pension
Thailand: health
South Africa: PEPs

22. SPF a priority for many countries The example of China

23. Why is social protection important to me?

24. Exercise 2: Take two minutes to think about social protection and answer the question
>> Why is social protection important to you (as an employer or employers organization)?